Siege of Nara

Siege of Nara
	Part of the Genpei War
	; The Tōdai-ji, which claims to be the largest wooden structure in the world, was even larger before it was destroyed in this battle and later rebuilt.
Date	1180
Location	Nara, Japan
Result	Taira victory; much of city destroyed
Belligerents
Taira clan	warrior monks of various Nara temples
Commanders and leaders
Taira no Shigehira; Taira no Tomomori	Ygaku
Strength
7,000 monks	500 samurai
Casualties and losses
Unknown	3,500

Following the 1180 Battle of the Uji, in which Minamoto no Yorimasa fought a small Taira army with the help of monks from the Mii-dera and other temples, the victorious Taira sought revenge. They burned the Miidera temple, before moving on to Nara, where they "set fire to the monastic complexes of Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji."^[2]^[3]

The Taira were opposed by warrior monks from nearly every major monastery and temple in Nara. Taira no Shigehira and Tomomori, both sons of Kiyomori, head of the clan, commanded the siege.

The monks dug ditches in the roads, and build many forms of improvised defenses. They fought primarily with bow & arrow, and naginata, while the Taira were on horseback, giving them a great advantage. Despite the monks' superior numbers, and their strategic defenses, their enemy succeeded in destroying nearly every temple in the city, including the Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji. Only the Shōsōin survived.^[1]

The 'Heike Monogatari' laments the destruction the Tōdai-ji's Daibutsu (Great Buddha statue):^[1]

The colossal statue of Vairocana Buddha of copper and gold, whose domed head towered up into the clouds, from which gleamed the sacred jewel of his lofty forehead, fused with the heat, so that its fullmoon features fell to the pavement below, while its body melted into a shapeless mass...

In all, 3,500 people died in the burning of Nara.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 47–50. ISBN 0026205408.
^ Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. Cassell & Co. p. 200. ISBN 1854095234.
^ Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. p. 315. ISBN 0804705232.

Turnbull, Stephen (2003). 'Japanese Warrior Monks AD 949-1603'. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.

34°41′00″N 135°48′00″E / 34.683333°N 135.8°E / 34.683333; 135.8

[Turnbull3-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Turnbull, Stephen (1977). The Samurai, A Military History. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. pp. 47–50. ISBN 0026205408.

[Turnbull2-2] Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. Cassell & Co. p. 200. ISBN 1854095234.

[Sansom-3] Sansom, George (1958). A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. p. 315. ISBN 0804705232.

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