Sparaxis

Sparaxis
	Sparaxis bulbifera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Iridaceae
Subfamily:	Ixioideae
Tribe:	Ixieae
Genus:	Sparaxis; Ker Gawl.
Type species
	Sparaxis bulbifera; (L.) Ker Gawler
Synonyms
	Anactorion Raf.; ×Sparanthera Cif. & Giacom.; Streptanthera Sweet; Synnotia Sweet;

Sparaxis (harlequin flower) is a genus in the family Iridaceae with about 13 species endemic to Cape Province, South Africa.

All are perennials that grow during the wet winter season, flower in spring and survive underground as dormant corms over summer. Their conspicuous flowers have six tepals, which in most species are equal in size and shape.

Sparaxis bulbifera is the commonest in cultivation, with flowers from cream to yellow or purple. S. grandiflora is a similar but larger plant. Sparaxis tricolor has bright red flowers with yellow and black centres. Many named hybrid cultivars were bred from S. bulbifera and S. tricolor.

A group of species with asymmetrical flowers marked in mauve and yellow, including Sparaxis variegata and Sparaxis villosa, was formerly treated as the genus Synnotia.

The genus name is derived from the Greek word sparasso, meaning "to tear", and alludes to the shape of the floral bracts.^[2]

Species

Sparaxis auriculata Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Sparaxis bulbifera (L.) Ker Gawl.
Sparaxis calcicola Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Sparaxis caryophyllacea Goldblatt
Sparaxis elegans (Sweet) Goldblatt
Sparaxis fragrans (Jacq.) Ker Gawl.
Sparaxis galeata Ker Gawl.
Sparaxis grandiflora (D.Delaroche) Ker Gawl. subsp. acutiloba Goldblatt
Sparaxis grandiflora (D.Delaroche) Ker Gawl. subsp. fimbriata (Lam.) Goldblatt
Sparaxis grandiflora (D.Delaroche) Ker Gawl. subsp. grandiflora
Sparaxis grandiflora (D.Delaroche) Ker Gawl. subsp. violacea (Eckl.) Goldblatt
Sparaxis maculosa Goldblatt
Sparaxis metelerkampiae (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning
Sparaxis parviflora (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt
Sparaxis pillansii L.Bolus
Sparaxis roxburghii (Baker) Goldblatt
Sparaxis tricolor (Schneev.) Ker Gawl.
Sparaxis variegata (Sweet) Goldblatt
Sparaxis villosa (Burm.f.) Goldblatt

Notes

^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved April 23, 2016.
^ Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 181–84. ISBN 0-88192-897-6.

References

Goldblatt, P. (1999). Sparaxis. Flora of Southern Africa 7: 151-169.
Flora of North America

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[1] "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved April 23, 2016.

[Goldblatt2008-2] Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 181–84. ISBN 0-88192-897-6.

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