Sucha Beskidzka

For other places with the same name, see Sucha (disambiguation).

Sucha Beskidzka
Castle in Sucha
Flag Coat of arms
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lesser Poland
County	Sucha
Gmina	Sucha Beskidzka (urban gmina)
Established	1405
Town rights	1896
Government
• Mayor	Stanisław Lichosyt
Area
• Total	27.46 km2 (10.60 sq mi)
Elevation	350 m (1,150 ft)
Population  (2006)
• Total	9,726
• Density	350/km2 (920/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	34-200
Area code	+48 33
Car plates	KSU
Website	http://www.sucha-beskidzka.pl

Sucha Beskidzka [ˈsuxa bɛsˈkʲit͡ska] (before 1961 called only Sucha) is a town in the Beskid Żywiecki mountain range in southern Poland, on the Skawa river. It is the county seat of Sucha County. It has been in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999; previously it was in Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship (1975–1998).

Location

Sucha Beskidzka lies in a basin, between the hills of the Beskids (Beskid Makowski and Beskid Maly), on the Skawa river. In 2002, Sucha had the area of 27,46 km²., with forests occupying 44%. The town is a rail junction, located along two lines – the 97th from Skawina to Żywiec, and the 98th from Sucha Beskidzka to Chabowka. The rail station PKP Sucha Beskidzka, together with a roundhouse was built in the 1880s.

Until 1964, the town was called Sucha. The adjective Beskidzka, added in that year, refers to the Beskidy Mountains.

History

In the late Middle Ages, the area of Sucha Beskidzka belonged to Duchy of Oświęcim. In the early years of the 15th century, Prince Jan III of Oświęcim initiated a program of settlement of the sparsely populated forested areas in the Beskids. In 1405, a man named Strzala was allowed to found a settlement, which later took on the name Sucha. Most likely, the Strzala family remained owners of the settlement until the late 15th century, when Sucha was transferred into the hands of the Słupski family. In 1554, Stanisław Słupski sold the village to an Italian-born goldsmith from Kraków, Gaspare Castiglione, who changed his name to Kasper Suski. Castiglione initiated the construction of the Sucha Castle.

In the early 17th century Sucha belonged to the Komorowski family. The village remained in private hands until 1939, as the so-called "Sucha State" (panstwo suskie). Among its owners were the Wielopolski family, the Branicki family, and the Tarnowski family. In the 1610s, Piotr Komorowski funded here a parish church, and vastly expanded the castle of Kasper Suski, turning it into a residence. Furthermore, Sucha was a center of early industry, with glass works, watermill, brewery, and iron works. Due to several royal privileges, Sucha emerged as a local trade center; the village prospered under Anna Konstancja Wielopolska, who owned it in 1693 – 1726. The area of Sucha was one of centers of the Bar Confederation, and in 1772 (see Partitions of Poland), the village, with the population of 3,000, became part of Austrian province of Galicia.

In the 1840s, Sucha was purchased by the Branicki family, Korczak coat of arms, which opened a large library together with a museum in the Sucha Castle. The village already had ironworks, which operated until the 1880s. In the same period, Sucha received a rail station, along the Galician Transversal Railway. Here, a northwards connection with Kraków was added in 1884, after which Sucha became an important rail junction. In 1896 Austrian authorities finally granted town charter to Sucha. In 1895 – 1907, a new church was built, and in 1910, new building of Bank Spoldzielczy. In the Second Polish Republic, Sucha belonged to Kraków Voivodeship, and was part of Żywiec County (later the town was transferred to Wadowice County). In 1922–1939, the castle belonged to the Tarnowski family. In 1939, population of the town was 6,200.

On September 3, 1939 (see Invasion of Poland), Sucha was captured by the Wehrmacht. In the late 1939, the town was annexed by the Third Reich, and was located near the border with the General Government. In the Holocaust, Sucha's Jewish community of 500 was murdered by the Germans. After the war, the government of People's Republic of Poland again attached Sucha to Kraków Voivodeship. New districts with blocks of flats were built, new factories were opened. In 1956, for the first time in history, Sucha became the seat of a county, and in 1975, the town became part of Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship. In 1983, new hospital was completed.

Attractions

Since the beginning of the 20th century Sucha Beskidzka has been a tourist centre for the Beskidy Mountains (part of the Carpathians). Here several tourist trails begin, which lead into the mountains. First trail was marked in 1906. In the town there are fine examples of old architecture: a Renaissance castle (16th century), named Little Wawel after the royal palace in Kraków (now it serves as a hotel with a restaurant); a church with a cloister (17th century); and an old wooden inn, called Rzym (Rome) (18th century).

Education

In the town, there are two higher education schools:

• The Foreign Language Teacher Training College (Nauczycielskie Kolegium Języków Obcych, NKJO Template:Pl icon)
• The Higher School of Tourism and Ecology (Wyższa Szkoła Turystyki i Ekologii, WSTiE)

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1827	1,811	—
1848	1,842	+1.7%
1870	2,280	+23.8%
1900	4,214	+84.8%
1921	5,151	+22.2%
1931	6,004	+16.6%
1939	6,250	+4.1%
1946 *	5,866	−6.1%
1960	6,599	+12.5%
1970	7,751	+17.5%
1980	8,735	+12.7%
1989	9,754	+11.7%
2001	9,810	+0.6%
2002	9,737	−0.7%
* Approx. 400 Jews killed during World War II.

Famous people from Sucha Beskidzka

• Billy Wilder – filmmaker and writer (Some Like It Hot, Sunset Boulevard, The Apartment), won seven Academy Awards
• Walery Goetel – geologist and palaeontologist; researcher of geological structure of the Tatra Mountains

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — sister cities

Sucha Beskidzka is twinned with:

• Frombork, Poland
• Jászberény, Hungary
• Ceriale, Italy

External links

• Official website of the town Template:Pl icon
• Official website of the Sucha Beskidzka county Template:Pl icon
• Jewish Community in Sucha Beskidzka on Virtual Shtetl