Sustainability in New Zealand
Sustainability in New Zealand is being increasingly recognised as being good practice and the government has made some moves toward this goal.
History
[edit]Over the relatively short human occupation of New Zealand, huge changes had been made to the natural environment. Although efforts were made by a small number of individuals and organisations in highlighting environmental issues, only ad-hoc measures were made by the government at central and local level. Sustainability became a concept that emerged from the environmental movement which become a social and political movement of its own right in the 1960s. In 1972 the Values Party formed, being the first national-level Green party.
The New Zealand government has enacted legislation to enshrine sustainability principles in law, notably the Resource Management Act 1991. It was a landmark piece of legislation, being the first to adopt the principle of sustainability.
In 2003 the government announced the Sustainable Development Programme of Action.[1] The Govt3 programme was also announced that year, but was cancelled in March 2009.
As in many other countries, there were demand for sustainable products and services and some companies began filling this demand. In March 2007 Westpac became the "first New Zealand bank to offer a 'green' home loan."[2] There was also increasing calls for green growth, a path of economic growth that uses natural resources in a sustainable manner. The Ministry of Economic Development set up the Green Growth Advisory Group. The lobby group Pure Advantage formed in July 2011 to promote green growth and in 2012 released a report stating that New Zealand should improve its environmental performance and improve its image. Some of the environmental rankings, including Yale University's Environmental Performance Index, showed that New Zealand was not improving its overall sustainability. New Zealand is a green country although it is small it still continues to be an eco friendly country.[3][4]
Strengths
[edit]The international business adviser, author and speaker Paul Gilding believes New Zealand dairy farmers have a significant advantage over other countries because they run pasture-fed systems, rather than grain-fed as in the US. Another advantage is New Zealand's reputation as a clean and green country, at least compared with most other countries. "As the demand rises for clean and green food, the better off New Zealand dairy is," Gilding said.[5]
Sustainability in agricultural practices
[edit]Although agriculture only accounts for 7% of New Zealand’s GDP, agricultural products remain one of the biggest exports for New Zealand.[6] While New Zealand is striving to become more sustainable, [7] degradation in water quality, greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity loss have resulted from intensified cattle farming and monoculture systems.[7] González-Orozco's (2020) study supports this viewpoint and argues that the stability of New Zealand's agriculture depends on its capacity to adjust to shifting environmental conditions.[8]
Sheep farming is one industry working to become more sustainable.[7] This is being done by adopting rotational grazing systems, which allow pastures to regenerate and isolate carbon. Another way is by investing in genetic improvements for sheep breeds to enhance efficiency while reducing resource use.[7]
See also
[edit]- Conservation in New Zealand
- Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority
- Environment of New Zealand
- Generation Zero (organisation)
- Green building in New Zealand
- New Zealand Centre for Sustainable Cities
References
[edit]- ^ "Sustainable Development Programme of Action". Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Government. 31 January 2003. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ^ Slade, Maria (12 November 2006). "Green home loans boom". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
- ^ Slade, Maria (11 June 2012). "Business bosses call for green growth". Stuff.co.nz. Fairfax NZ. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ^ "New Zealand's position in the green race" (PDF). Pure Advantage. 11 June 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ^ Fonterra bringing in Greenpeace ex-boss
- ^ "New Zealand (NZL) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners". The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d Yang, Wei (2023). "Are We Ready to Transition to Sustainable Sheep Production in New Zealand? A Critical Analysis from the Perspectives of Transition Intention and Sustainable Tool Adoption". British Food Journal. 125 (12) – via Pro Quest.
- ^ González-Orozco, Carlos (2020). "Extreme Climate Variability Weakens a Major Tropical Agricultural Hub". Ecological Indicators. 111 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Further reading
[edit]- Patterson, Murray (March 2002). Headline indicators for tracking progress to sustainability in New Zealand. ME429. Wellington, NZ.: Ministry for the Environment. ISBN 0-478-24057-0.}
- Sustainable Development for New Zealand (PDF). Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Government. January 2003. ISBN 0-478-26326-0.
- New Zealand Energy Strategy to 2050 (PDF). Wellington, NZ: Ministry of Economic Development. 2007. ISBN 978-0-478-31087-0.
- New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy (PDF). Wellington, NZ.: Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority. October 2007. ISBN 978-0-478-19502-6.
- Clough, Peter (November 2009), "Sustainable development: Have we got our priorities right?", Working Paper, Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Institute of Economic Research, ISSN 1170-2583
- Rudzitis, Gundars; Bird, Kenton (2011), "The Myth and Reality of Sustainable New Zealand: Mining in a Pristine Land", Environment Magazine
- Miller, Caroline (January 2011). Implementing Sustainability: The New Zealand Experience. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-49550-9.
External links
[edit]- Organisations