Talk:Parental leave economics

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This article was the subject of an educational assignment in Spring 2015. Further details are available on the course page.

Consolidate with Parental leave

Hi! I am interested in adding more information to this article about the economic models and effects involved with parental leave policies. I would like to consolidate this article with Parental leave as a new section in that article. My plan is below -- please contact me with concerns / suggestions / ways to improve!

Outline of new section to add within this article, before consolidating with Parental leave:

Economic models

1 Benefits of universal, paid parental leave

1.1 Capabilities approach, i.e., sets a minimum "threshold" so parents (working or not) have the capability to carry, birth, and care for a baby.
1.2 Equalizing gender pay gap and household labor inequality

1.3 Financial effects:

1.3.a Effects on poverty: care of infants is available (rather than parent/s returning immediately to work), supporting dual-income families (increasingly the norm)^[1]
1.3.b Effects on labor market: Incentivizes labor market attachment for women both before and after birth, affecting GDP and national productivity as well as household income^[2]^[3]^[4]
1.3.c Effects on population growth and labor force: Incentivizes childbirth, critical if workforce aging. Children can be considered a public good, particularly for countries with Sub-replacement fertility ^[5]^[6]

2 Critique of mandated paid leave:

2.1 Will lead to statistical discrimination against hiring women of child-bearing years^[7]^[8]
2.2 Long maternal leaves could contribute to deteriorating wages for women and industry segregation by gender, e.g., the motherhood penalty^[9]
2.3 If privately funded (i.e., corporations mandated to absorb the cost of paid parental time off as part of employee benefit), will be too great a financial burden for smaller firms.
2.3 If publicly funded (i.e., transferred directly to workers on leave, like unemployment insurance), will require raising new revenue, for instance through taxes. Melody.waring (talk) 22:15, 1 May 2015 (UTC)[reply]

^ Esping-Andersen, G. (2003). Women in the New Welfare Equilibrium. European Legacy, 8(5), 599.
^ Kluve, J., & Tamm, M. (2013). Parental Leave Regulations, Mothers' Labor Force Attachment and Fathers' Childcare Involvement: Evidence from a Natural Experiment. Journal Of Population Economics, 26(3), 983-1005. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-012-0404-1
^ Rønsen, M., & Kitterød. R. H. (2015). Gender-equalizing family policies and mothers’ entry into paid work: recent evidence from Norway. Feminist Economics, 10(1):59-89.
^ Note: Rønsen & Kitterød, in their literature review on p. 60, reference several other citations to this same point, q.v., Marit Rønsen and Marianne Sundstrøm [1996]; Jutta M. Joesch [1997]; Christopher J. Ruhm [1998]; JaneWaldfogel, Yoshio Higuchi, and Masahiro Abe [1999]; Chiara Daniela Pronzato [2009]. These could be added
^ Bittman, M. (1999). Parenthood Without Penalty: Time Use And Public Policy In Australia And Finland. Feminist Economics, 5(3), 27-42. doi:10.1080/135457099337798
^ Esping-Andersen, G. (2003). Women in the New Welfare Equilibrium. European Legacy, 8(5), p. 606
^ Akerlof, G. A., & Kranton, R. E. (2010). Identity Economics: How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being. Princeton: Princeton University Press
^ Esping-Andersen, G. (2003). Women in the New Welfare Equilibrium. European Legacy, 8(5),
^ Datta Gupta, N., Smith, N. & Verner, M. 2008. The Impact of Nordic Countries’ Family Friendly Policies on Employment, Wages, and Children. Review of Economics of the Household 6(1): 65–89.

[1] Esping-Andersen, G. (2003). Women in the New Welfare Equilibrium. European Legacy, 8(5), 599.

[2] Kluve, J., & Tamm, M. (2013). Parental Leave Regulations, Mothers' Labor Force Attachment and Fathers' Childcare Involvement: Evidence from a Natural Experiment. Journal Of Population Economics, 26(3), 983-1005. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00148-012-0404-1

[3] Rønsen, M., & Kitterød. R. H. (2015). Gender-equalizing family policies and mothers’ entry into paid work: recent evidence from Norway. Feminist Economics, 10(1):59-89.

[4] Note: Rønsen & Kitterød, in their literature review on p. 60, reference several other citations to this same point, q.v., Marit Rønsen and Marianne Sundstrøm [1996]; Jutta M. Joesch [1997]; Christopher J. Ruhm [1998]; JaneWaldfogel, Yoshio Higuchi, and Masahiro Abe [1999]; Chiara Daniela Pronzato [2009]. These could be added

[5] Bittman, M. (1999). Parenthood Without Penalty: Time Use And Public Policy In Australia And Finland. Feminist Economics, 5(3), 27-42. doi:10.1080/135457099337798

[6] Esping-Andersen, G. (2003). Women in the New Welfare Equilibrium. European Legacy, 8(5), p. 606

[7] Akerlof, G. A., & Kranton, R. E. (2010). Identity Economics: How Our Identities Shape Our Work, Wages, and Well-Being. Princeton: Princeton University Press

[8] Esping-Andersen, G. (2003). Women in the New Welfare Equilibrium. European Legacy, 8(5),

[9] Datta Gupta, N., Smith, N. & Verner, M. 2008. The Impact of Nordic Countries’ Family Friendly Policies on Employment, Wages, and Children. Review of Economics of the Household 6(1): 65–89.

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