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Nadezhda Teffi

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Nadezhda Teffi
BornNadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya
21 May [O.S. 9 May] 1872
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died6 October 1952(1952-10-06) (aged 80)
Paris, France
Resting placeSainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery
Pen nameTeffi
Occupationwriter, playwright
RelativesMirra Lokhvitskaya

Teffi (Russian: Тэ́ффи) (21 May [O.S. 9 May] 1872, Saint Petersburg – 6 October 1952, Paris) was a Russian humorist writer. Teffi is a pseudonym. Her real name was Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya (Наде́жда Алекса́ндровна Лoхви́цкая), and after her marriage Nadezhda Alexandrovna Buchinskaya (Бучи́нская). Together with Arkady Averchenko she was one of the most prominent authors of the magazine Satiricon. Her year of birth is variously reported varies in the range 1871–1876, with the most recent findings suggesting May 1872. Teffi's sister Mirra Lokhvitskaya (1869–1905) was a notable Russian poet.

Biography

Teffi was born into a gentry family. Her father, a lawyer and scholar, was prominent in Saint Petersburg society. Her mother was of French descent, a lover of poetry and familiar with Russian and European literature.[1] Teffi was first introduced to literature when, as a young girl, she read Childhood and Boyhood by Leo Tolstoy, and the fiction of Alexander Pushkin. Her own first published poetry appeared in the journal The North in 1901 under her full name. In 1905 her first story The Day Has Passed was published in the journal The Fields, also under her full name; the story was written in 1904 and first submitted to the journal God's World, which turned it down.[1] In the years surrounding the Russian Revolution of 1905 she published stories with political overtones against the Tsarist government.[2]

In an answer to a questionnaire given to writers in 1911, Teffi said the following about her early literary work:[1]

The element of observation dominated my fantasy. I liked drawing caricatures and writing satirical verses. My first published work was written under the influence of Chekhov.

Teffi married Vladislav Buchinsky, a Polish lawyer and judge, but they separated in 1900. They had two daughters and a son together. She was a contributor to the first Bolshevik journal The New Life, whose editorial board included writers like Maxim Gorky and Zinaida Gippius. Her best work appeared in the Satiricon magazine and in the popular journal Russkoye Slovo (Russian Word). In Russia she published many collections of poetry and short stories, and a number of one-act plays.[2] She first used the pseudonym "Teffi" with the publication in 1907 of her one-act play The Woman Question. She provided two separate explanations of the name; that it was suggested to her in relation to a friend whose servant called him "Steffi", or that it came from the English rhyme "Taffy was a Welshman/Taffy was a thief."[1]

She had to leave Russia after the October Revolution. In 1919, she left Saint Petersburg and travelled to Istanbul. In 1920, she settled in Paris and began publishing her works in the Russian newspapers there. In exile, she published several collections of short stories and poems, a volume of memoirs, and her only novel An Adventure Novel (1932). The critic Anastasiya Chebotarevskaya compared Teffi's stories, which she said were "highly benevolent in their elegiac tone and profoundly humanitarian in their attitudes", to the best stories by Anton Chekhov.[2] Teffi is buried at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Russian Cemetery in France.

Teffi's gravestone

English translations

  • A Modest Talent and Diamond Dust (one-act plays), and Talent (story), from A Russian Cultural Revival, University of Tennessee Press, 1981.
  • All About Love (story collection), Ardis Publishers, 1985.
  • The Woman Question (one-act play) and Walled Up (story), from An Anthology of Russian Women's Writing, Oxford, 1994.
  • Time (story), from The Portable Twentieth Century Reader, Penguin Classics, 2003.
  • Love and A Family Journey (stories), from Russian Stories from Pushkin to Buida, Penguin Classics, 2005.
  • When the Crayfish Whistled: A Christmas Horror, A Little Fairy Tale, Baba Yaga (text of a picture book), The Dog, and Baba Yaga (essay), from Russian Magic Tales from Pushkin to Platonov, Penguin Classics, 2012.
  • Subtly Worded (stories), Pushkin Press, 2014.[3]
  • Tolstoy, Rasputin, Others, and Me: The best of Teffi (story collection), New York Review Books, 2016: published simultaneously in the UK by Pushkin Press as Rasputin and Other Ironies.
  • Memories: From Moscow to the Black Sea (memoir of 1918-20 journey to exile), New York Review Books, 2016: published simultaneously in the UK by Pushkin Press.

German translations

  • Teffy alias Nadeshda Lochwizkaja: Champagner aus Teetassen : meine letzten Tage in Russland, Aus dem Russ. von Ganna-Maria Braungardt, Berlin : Aufbau, 2014, ISBN 978-3-351-03412-2

References

  1. ^ a b c d Tomei, Christine (1999). Russian women writers, Volume 2. Taylor and Francis. pp. 812–821. ISBN 0-8153-1797-2. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
  2. ^ a b c Pachmuss, Tamira (1981). A Russian Cultural Revival. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0-87049-296-9.
  3. ^ "Teffi – Subtly Worded cover art and synopsis". Upcoming4.me. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2014-01-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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