250 BCE
|
Archimedes' principle: Archimedes
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1514
|
Heliocentrism: Nicholas Copernicus
|
1589
|
Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment: Galileo Galilei
|
1613
|
Inertia: Galileo Galilei
|
1621
|
Snell's law: Willebrord Snellius
|
1660
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Pascal's Principle: Blaise Pascal
|
1660
|
Hooke's law: Robert Hooke
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1676
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Rømer's determination of the speed of light traveling from the moons of Jupiter.
|
1687
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Laws of Motion and Law of Gravitation and calculus: Isaac Newton
|
1782
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Conservation of matter: Lavoisier
|
1785
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Inverse square law for electric charges confirmed: Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
|
1801
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Wave theory of light: Thomas Young
|
1803
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Atomic theory of matter: John Dalton
|
1806
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Kinetic energy: Thomas Young
|
1814
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Wave theory of light, interference: Fresnel
|
1820
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Evidence for electromagnetic interactions: André-Marie Ampère, Jean-Baptiste Biot, Félix Savart
|
1827
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Electrical resistance, etc.: Ohm
|
1831
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Electromagnetic induction: Michael Faraday
|
1838
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Lines of Force, Fields: Michael Faraday
|
1838
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Earth's magnetic field: Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Carl Friedrich Gauss
|
1843
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Conservation of energy: Julius Robert von Mayer, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
|
1845
|
Faraday Rotation (light and electromagnetic): Michael Faraday
|
1847
|
Conservation of energy 2: James Prescott Joule, Hermann von Helmholtz
|
1851
|
Second law of thermodynamics: Rudolf Clausius, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
|
|
1859
|
Kinetic theory: James Clerk Maxwell
|
1861
|
Black body: Gustav Kirchhoff
|
1863
|
Entropy: Rudolf Clausius
|
1864
|
A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field: James Clerk Maxwell
|
1867
|
Dynamic Theory of Gases, James Clerk Maxwell
|
1871–89
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Statistical Mechanics: Ludwig Boltzmann, Josiah Willard Gibbs
|
1884
|
Boltzmann derives Stefan's radiation law
|
1887
|
Michelson–Morley experiment
|
1887
|
Electromagnetic Waves: Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
|
1893
|
Radiation Law: Wilhelm Wien
|
1895
|
X-Rays discovered: Wilhelm Röntgen
|
1896
|
Radioactivity: Henri Becquerel
|
1897
|
Electron discovered: J. J. Thomson
|
1900
|
Formula for Black-Body Radiation: Max Planck Quantum Hypothesis: Max Planck
|
1905
|
Special Relativity: Albert Einstein Photoelectric Effect: Albert Einstein Brownian Motion: Albert Einstein
|
1911
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Equivalence Principle: Albert Einstein Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus: Ernest Rutherford Superconductivity: Kamerlingh Onnes
|
1913
|
Bohr Model of the atom: Niels Bohr
|
1916
|
General Relativity: Albert Einstein
|
1923
|
Stern–Gerlach experiment Matter waves: Louis de Broglie Galaxies: Edwin Hubble
|
1925
|
Matrix Mechanics: Werner Heisenberg
|
1926
|
Schrödinger Equation: Erwin Schrödinger
|
1927
|
Big Bang: Georges Lemaître
|
1927
|
Uncertainty Principle: Werner Heisenberg
|
1928
|
Antimatter predicted: Paul Dirac
|
1929
|
Expansion of the Universe Confirmed: Edwin Hubble
|
1932
|
Antimatter discovered: Carl David Anderson Neutron discovered: James Chadwick
|
1937
|
Muon discovered: Carl David Anderson & Seth Neddermeyer
|
1938
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Superfluidity discovered: Pyotr Kapitsa Nuclear Fission discovered: Otto Hahn
|
1947
|
Pion discovered: C.F. Powell, Giuseppe Occhialini, César Lattes
|
1948
|
Quantum Electrodynamics: Richard Feynman
|
1956
|
Electron neutrino discovered
|
1957
|
Parity violation discovered
|
1957
|
Theory of Superconductivity
|
1962
|
Theory of strong interactions Muon neutrino discovered
|
1964
|
Bell's Theorem initiates quantitative study of quantum entanglement
|
1967
|
Theory of Weak interaction Pulsars discovered
|
1974
|
Charmed quark discovered
|
1975
|
Tau lepton discovered
|
1977
|
Bottom quark discovered
|
1980
|
Quantum Hall effect discovered
|
1980
|
Richard Feynman proposes quantum computing
|
|
1981
|
Theory of cosmic inflation Fractional quantum Hall effect discovered
|
1984
|
W and Z bosons directly observed
|
1984
|
First laboratory implementation of quantum cryptography
|
1994
|
shor's algorithm discovered, initiating the serious study of quantum computation.
|
1995
|
Top quark discovered
|
1998
|
Accelerating universe discovered
|
1998
|
Atmospheric neutrino oscillation established
|
2000
|
Tau neutrino discovered
|
2002
|
Solar neutrino oscillation established
|
2012
|
Higgs Boson discovered
|
2012
|
Reactor neutrino oscillation established
|
2015
|
Gravitational waves detected
|