Tok, Alaska
Tok, Alaska | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Location of Tok, Alaska | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Census Area | Southeast Fairbanks |
| Government | |
| • State senator | Click Bishop (R) |
| • State rep. | Dave Talerico (R) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 132.3 sq mi (342.6 km2) |
| • Land | 132.3 sq mi (342.6 km2) |
| • Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Total | 1,258 |
| • Density | 10.5/sq mi (4.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (AKDT) |
| ZIP code | 99780 |
| Area code | 907 |
| FIPS code | 02-77800 |
Tok /ˈtoʊk/ is a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. The population was 1,258 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Tok lies on a large, flat alluvial plain of the Tanana Valley between the Tanana River and the Alaska Range at an important junction of the Alaska Highway with the Glenn Highway. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 132.3 square miles (343 km2), all of it land.
Climate
Tok has a dry-winter continental subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc).
| Climate data for Tok | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 43 (6) |
43 (6) |
55 (13) |
74 (23) |
88 (31) |
96 (36) |
95 (35) |
93 (34) |
83 (28) |
67 (19) |
49 (9) |
40 (4) |
96 (36) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | −6.5 (−21.4) |
7.6 (−13.6) |
24.7 (−4.1) |
44.3 (6.8) |
60.4 (15.8) |
70.4 (21.3) |
72.9 (22.7) |
68 (20) |
54.4 (12.4) |
31.5 (−0.3) |
8.6 (−13.0) |
−3.4 (−19.7) |
36.1 (2.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −24.6 (−31.4) |
−15.9 (−26.6) |
−6.4 (−21.3) |
16 (−9) |
29.8 (−1.2) |
39.9 (4.4) |
43.7 (6.5) |
39 (4) |
29.3 (−1.5) |
12.8 (−10.7) |
−9.8 (−23.2) |
−21.1 (−29.5) |
11.1 (−11.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −71 (−57) |
−67 (−55) |
−57 (−49) |
−33 (−36) |
3 (−16) |
16 (−9) |
10 (−12) |
13 (−11) |
−13 (−25) |
−41 (−41) |
−59 (−51) |
−70 (−57) |
−71 (−57) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.36 (9.1) |
0.27 (6.9) |
0.18 (4.6) |
0.19 (4.8) |
0.7 (18) |
2.31 (59) |
2.14 (54) |
1.32 (34) |
0.82 (21) |
0.56 (14) |
0.49 (12) |
0.45 (11) |
9.78 (248) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 4.7 (12) |
3.6 (9.1) |
2.7 (6.9) |
2.4 (6.1) |
0.7 (1.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
1.4 (3.6) |
7.1 (18) |
6.8 (17) |
5.9 (15) |
35.7 (91) |
| Average precipitation days | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 57 |
| Source: [1] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
2000 Census data
As of the census of 2000,[2] there were 1,393 people, 534 households, and 372 families residing in the census designated place (CDP). The population density was 10.5 people per square mile (6.1/km²). There were 748 housing units at an average density of 5.7 per square mile (2.2/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 78.03% White, 0.14% Black or African American, 12.85% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.93% from other races, and 7.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population.
There were 534 households out of which 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.3% were non-families. 24.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the CDP the age distribution of the population shows 32.5% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 27.1% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 102.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,941, and the median income for a family was $49,219. Males had a median income of $45,375 versus $30,268 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,521. About 9.5% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.4% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.
History
There have been Athabascan Indian settlements in the region of what is now Tok for many centuries.
The town at the present location of Tok began in 1942 as an Alaska Road Commission camp used for construction and maintenance of the Alaska Highway. So much money was spent in the camp's construction and maintenance that it earned the nickname "Million Dollar Camp" from those working on the highway. In 1947 the first school opened, and in 1958 a larger school was built to accommodate the many newcomers. In 1995 a new school was opened to provide for the larger community. A U.S. Customs Office was located in Tok between 1947 and 1971, when it was moved to the Canadian border.
In one version, the name Tok is derived from the Athabascan word for "peaceful crossing." The U.S. Geological Survey notes that the name "Tok River" was in use for the nearby river around 1901, and the Athabascan name of "Tokai" had been reported for the same river by Lt. Allen in 1887. In another version the name is derived from the English words "Tokyo camp", although the major war benefit was supporting the transfer of airplanes to the Soviet Union. Another version claims the name was derived from the canine mascot for one of the Engineer units that built the highways. The name has no connection to the western Alaskan community of Newtok.
In the 1940s and 1950s, another highway, the Tok Cut-Off was constructed and connected Tok with the Richardson Highway at Glennallen. It was a "cut-off" because it allowed motor travelers from the lower United States to travel to Valdez and Anchorage in south-central Alaska without going further north to Delta Junction and then traveling south on the Richardson Highway.
Between 1954 and 1979, an 8-inch U.S. Army fuel pipeline operated from the port of Haines to Fairbanks, with a pump station in Tok.[3]
In July 1990 Tok faced extinction when a lightning-caused forest fire jumped two rivers and the Alaska Highway, putting both residents and buildings in peril. The town was evacuated and even the efforts of over a thousand firefighters could not stop the fire. At the last minute a "miracle wind" (so labeled by Tok's residents) came up, diverting the fire just short of the first building. The fire continued to burn the remainder of the summer, eventually burning more than 100,000 acres (400 km2).
On January 10, 2009, Tok made headlines with an unconfirmed temperature reading of −80 °F (−62 °C).[4]
Education
Tok is part of the Alaska Gateway School District. Tok School, a K–12 campus, serves community students. There is also a small University of Alaska office that provides distance and even some local classes for the small community.
Health care
Tok is one of the most isolated communities in the United States. Although roads connect Tok to both Fairbanks and Anchorage (two of Alaska's most populous cities), the drive is approximately 3 hours 40 minutes or 6 hours 30 minutes, respectively. Therefore, Tok is primarily served by Tok Clinic and EMS. The two work together and are based within the same facility. Once stabilized, patients are typically airlifted via air ambulance to a hospital/medical center in Fairbanks (an approximately 1 hour 30 minute flight) if further treatment is needed.
References
- ^ "TOK, AK (509313)". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/AlaskaGas/Report4/Report_CEMML_2003_HainesFairbanksPipeline.pdf
- ^ Anchorage Daily News
External links
Municipalities and communities of Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cities |  | |
| CDPs | ||
| Former CDPs | ||
| Unincorporated communities | ||