Two-tone (music genre)
| Two-tone | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Late 1970s, Coventry, United Kingdom |
| Typical instruments | |
| Derivative forms | |
| Other topics | |
Two-tone (or 2 tone) is a genre of British music that fuses traditional ska with musical elements of punk rock.[1] Its name comes from 2 Tone Records, a label founded by Jerry Dammers of The Specials,[2] and references a desire to transcend and defuse racial tensions in Thatcher-era Britain. Although two-tone's mainstream commercial appeal was largely limited to the UK, it influenced the North American ska punk movement (also known as third wave ska) in the 1980s and 1990s.[3][4]
History
The two-tone sound was developed by young musicians in Coventry, West Midlands, England who grew up hearing 1960s Jamaican music.[5] They combined influences from ska, reggae and rocksteady with elements of punk rock and new wave. Bands considered part of the genre include The Specials, The Selecter, Madness, The Beat, Bad Manners, The Bodysnatchers and Akrylykz.
The term was coined by The Specials' keyboard player Jerry Dammers, who—with the assistance of Horace Panter and graphic designer John "Teflon" Sims—created the iconic Walt Jabsco logo (a man in a black suit, white shirt, black tie, pork pie hat, white socks and black loafers) to represent the two-tone genre. The logo was based on an early album cover photo of Peter Tosh, and included an added black-and-white check pattern.[6][7][8]
Most of the bands considered to be part of the two-tone genre were signed to 2 Tone Records at some point. Other record labels associated with the two-tone sound were Stiff Records and Go Feet Records. The music was especially popular among skinheads, rudies and some mod revivalists.
Museum
On 1 October 2010, the 2-Tone Central museum, cafe and venue opened in the Coventry University Students' Union building, and by August 2011, it was moved to the 2-Tone Village in Stoke, Coventry.[9] It includes exhibition space, the Coventry Music Wall of Fame,[10][11][12][13] a cafe, a gift shop, a Caribbean restaurant and a music venue. Many of the items on display are on loan from members of The Selecter, The Beat and The Specials.
References
- ^ "Ska Revival". AllMusic.
- ^ Chris Woodstra. "The Specials". AllMusic.
- ^ Selvin, Joel (23 March 2008). "A brief history of ska". San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ "Third Wave Ska Revival". AllMusic.
- ^ "Jerry Dammers interview by Alexis Petrides", Mojo, Jan. 2002. Accessed on 2-tone.info 18 October 2007
- ^ Horace Panter (2007). Ska'd For Life. Sidgwick & Jackson.
- ^ Staple, Neville. Original Rude Boy. Aurum Press, 2009
- ^ "British ska legends The Specials. History, lyrics, MP3, 2 Tone, two tone, ska, Jerry Dammers, Terry Hall, Neville Staple, Roddy Byers, Lynval Golding, Horace Panter, John Brad Bradbury". TheSpecials2.com. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
- ^ "2-TONE CENTRAL-The 2-Tone Museum, Cafe and Venue, Coventry". 2tonecentral.co.uk. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Chambers, Pete (20 October 2011). "Music Legends Honoured on Coventry's Wall of Fame". Coventry Evening Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Carpenter, Steve (22 November 2011). "Three more names on Coventry Music Wall of Fame". Coventry Observer. Archived from the original on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Manger, Warren (6 December 2011). "Wall of Fame honours more stars who put Coventry on the music map". Coventry Evening Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ^ Bagot, Martin (6 December 2011). "Coventry music heroes honoured in Wall of Fame". Coventry Evening Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
Sources:
- Staple, Neville, Original Rude Boy, (Aurum Press, 2009) ISBN 978-1-84513-480-8
- Horace Panter (2007). Ska'd For Life. Sidgwick & Jackson.
Further reading
- Williams, Paul You're Wondering Now – The Specials From Conception to Reunion (Cherry Red Books, 2009) ISBN 978-1-901447-51-4
- Marshall, George, The Two Tone Story, ST Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0-9518497-3-5
- Chambers, Pete, Coventry Market in a Round About Way (Tencton Planet Publications, 2009) ISBN 978-0-9544125-7-9
- Chambers, Pete, The 2-Tone Trail: The Roots of Two-tone Music (Tencton Planet Publications, 2005) ISBN 978-0-9544125-3-1
- Thompson, Dave, Wheels Out Of Gear: 2-Tone, The Specials and a World In Flame (Soundcheck Books, 2011) ISBN 978-0-9566420-2-8
External links
- 2 Tone Information – 2 Tone Records, collectors information
- 2-Tone Central – Museum, cafe and music venue DEAD LINK