Tsanareti
Tzanaria (Georgian: წანარეთი) (alternative spellings: Tsanaria, Canaria, Sanaria, Sanaryia) was a historic district in the early medieval Caucasus, lying chiefly in what is now the northwestern corner in Georgia’s region of Mtskheta-Mtianeti.
In the narrow sense of the term, Tzanaria (Georgian: [წანარეთი, Tzanareti] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help); aka Tzanar Gorge, წანარეთის ხევი, Tzanaretis Khevi, reduced later simply to Khevi, i.e. gorge) was applied by the medieval Georgian annals to the area around the Darial Pass, inhabited by the Tzanars. This warlike tribe is already known as Sanars to Ptolemy. According to the 8th century Arab historian Masudi, the Tzanars, though Christians, claimed their origin from Nizar b. Maad b. Murad, and then from a branch of the Ukail family. Although this claim is completely rejected by modern scholars, the origins of the Tzanars are still uncertain today. The tribe is sometimes claimed to be an offshoot of Sarmatians. Vladimir Minorsky believes, however, that they were the Nakh-speakers. The modern Circassian historian Amjad Jaimoukha also supports this.[1]
Whatever their origin, the Tzanars seem to have adopted, over the centuries, many features of Georgian culture, including language and religion, being subsequently completely commingled with the Georgian people to form one of its ethnographic groups Mokheves, who were known until recently as Tsans (or Tsons) to the neighbouring Ossetes.[citation needed]
The Tzanars gained prominence during the time when Arabs dominated over the most of the Caucasus. They staged a powerful uprising against the invaders in the 770s and, according to Ya'qubi, requested help from the Byzantines, Khazars and the as-Saqāliba. The rebellious tribe soon became a dominant force in the historical Kakheti region and played a crucial role, circa 787, in the formation of the principality of Kakheti ruled by a prince with the curious title of chorepiscopus. For all practical purposes, the contemporary Arab sources used the word Sanãryia to designate the principality in general. However, the Tzanars seem to have been significantly weakened by the early 9th century, enabling their rival clan of the Gardabanians to install their chief Vache as a chorepiscopus of Kakheti in the 830s. By the end of the 10th century, Tzanaria fell under the kingdom of the Hers whose king John Senekerim adopted the title of King of the Tzanars.
For the later history see Khevi.
See also
References
- Rapp S.H. Jr., Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts and Eurasian Contexts, Peeters Bvba (September 25, 2003), ISBN 90-429-1318-5, pp 398–9
- Minorsky V. F., History of Shirvan and Derbent in the 9th-11th centuries. Moscow, 1963, pp 210–211 (Russian)
- Lordkipanidze M. D., Political Unification of Feudal Georgia, 1963, p 140 (Georgian)
- Berdzenishvili N. A., Issues in the History of Georgia, vol. 9, Tbilisi, 1983, p 60 (Georgian)
- ^ Jaimoukha, Amjad. The Chechens: A Handbook. Page 30. "At the turn of the new era, the Nakh peoples in the Trans-Caucasus were comprised of the Dzurdzuks in the north, the Tsanars in the south, the Dvals in the west, and the Èrs in the east. The Kakh(etians), who used to call themselves Kabatsas and their territory Kakh-Batsa, were surrounded by Nakh tribes and were themselves thought to be Tushians of Nakh extraction. The eighteenth-century historian Vakhushti asserted that the Kakh considered the Gligvs, Dzurdzuks and Kist as their ethnic kin."