Umra Khan
Ghazi Umara Khan Jandool | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1860 Jandul |
| Died | 1903 Kabul, Afghanistan |
| Resting place | Jandool and Kabul Afghanistan |
| Known for | Resistance against British |
Khan Umara Khan of Jandul (c. 1860 – 1903), also called "Napoleon of Pathans",[1][2][3][4] was a Pashtun chief on the north-western frontier of British India, who was chiefly responsible for the Chitral Expedition of 1895.[5][6][7]
Life
He was the younger son of the Khan of Jandul; but he killed his elder brother, seized the throne, and made himself a power on the frontier.[5]
In 1894 he held undisputed sway over almost the whole of Bajour, when his restless ambition caused him to interfere in the internal affairs of Chitral. He instigated Afzal ul-Mulk, a son of Chitral's Mehtar Aman ul-Mulk, to murder his brother Nizam ul-Mulk, and then overthrew the fratricide and supported the claims of his uncle Sher Afzul to the throne. The Government of British India intervened and ordered Umra Khan to leave Chitral. When he refused, the Chitral Expedition was despatched; Umra Khan was driven into exile in Afghanistan, and died there in 1903.[5][8][9][10][11]
References
- ^ Khalil, Jehanzeb (2000-01-01). Mujahideen movement in Malakand and Mohmand Agencies, 1900-1940. Area Study Centre University of Peshawar. p. 4.
- ^ Alder, G. J. (1964-01-01). British India's Northern Frontier. Longmans. p. 215.
- ^ Imperial Studies. s.n. 1963-01-01. p. 215.
- ^ Harris, John (1975-01-01). Much sounding of bugles: the siege of Chitral, 1895. Hutchinson.
- ^ a b c One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Umra Khan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 577.
- ^ The Outlook. "The Outlook" publishing Company. 1898-01-01. p. 234.
- ^ Torrens-Spence, Johnny (2006-01-01). Historic Battlefields of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195978971.
- ^ Singh, K. Brahma (1990-01-01). History of Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, 1820-1956: The State Force Background. Lancer International. ISBN 9788170620914.
- ^ Stewart, Jules (2013-09-23). The Khyber Rifles: From the British Raj to Al Qaeda. The History Press. ISBN 9780752495583.
- ^ "Umra Khan of Jandul - The Express Tribune". 2012-06-12. Retrieved 2016-07-03.
- ^ King and His Navy and Army. 1903-01-01.
