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The consular district of Tunis is defined as the area of the consular and diplomatic activity[1] during the Ottoman Regency of Tunis.
History
[edit]During the Hafsid era, the European nations were prohibited from setting up consulates within the medina walls of Tunis[2]. In the wake of the transition to the Ottoman sovereignty in the 16th century, consuls[3] are granted the right to settle down in fondouks or consular houses.
The consular district[4] is then born with the building of the first consular house within the walls in the medina’s frank quarter. It is the Foudouk of the French[5] built in 1660.
Location
[edit]
Originally formed around the Place de la Bourse, now the Place de la Victoire, opposite Bab El Bhar, its fluctuating boundaries extended to the Rue Sidi Kadous to the north, the Place de Castille to the south and the Rue de la Verrerie to the west.
The consular houses of Sweden (which became the Hôtel Eymon in 1875) and Portugal overlook the square, so does the former Fondouk des Anglais.
In addition to the fondouk des Français, you can still see the former consular houses of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Holy Roman Empire, Genoa, Venice, Germany[6] and the United States, all located along the rue de l'Ancienne Douane.
The former consular house of the Netherlands (formerly the Nunez-Cardoso fondouk) and those of the Kingdoms of the Two Sicilies and Sardinia can still be found in rue Zarkoun.
The Spanish Consulate and the Royal Spanish Hospital occupied the buildings housing the Sainte-Croix church and presbytery in front of the Danish Consulate, now a municipal district.
Function
[edit]The fondouk consisted of a central courtyard around which were set living quarters for merchants, bread ovens, warehouses, sales outlets and a chancery. The consul, who lived in the fondouk, collected the income from the rental, warehousing and chancery fees[7].
References
[edit]- ^ "Médecin du prince et primus inter pares. Médecins et agents d’influence à la Cour du Bardo dans la Tunis husseinite (1757-1881)", Cahiers de la Méditerranée, Nice, Centre de la Méditerranée Moderne et Contemporaine. Numéro du mois de Juin 2022.) Médecin du prince et primo enter pares. Médecins et agents d’influe...
- ^ Adnen el Ghali. 2022. “Tunis, ville double : le quartier consulaire médiéval comme prémices de la ville européenne”, Kervan. International Journal of African and Asiatic Studies, 26: 335-363. Turin: The University of Turin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13135/1825-263X/6889
- ^ Adnen El Ghali, "Médecin du prince et primus inter pares. Médecins et agents d’influence à la Cour du Bardo dans la Tunis husseinite (1757-1881)", Cahiers de la Méditerranée, Nice, Centre de la Méditerranée Moderne et Contemporaine. Numéro du mois de Juin 2022.) Médecin du prince et primo enter pares. Médecins et agents d’influe...
- ^ Adnen El Ghali, « Le quartier franc », La Médina de Tunis : civilisation arabe et méditerranéenne, Abdelaziz Daoulatli (dir.), Simpact, 2019.
- ^ REVAULT Jacques, Le fondouk des Français et les consuls de France à Tunis (1660-1860), Paris, éditions Recherche sur les civilisations, « mémoire » n° 43, 1984
- ^ GEHRING Gilbert, « Les relations entre la Tunisie et l'Allemagne avant le protectorat français », Les Cahiers de Tunisie, tome XVIII, 1970, 3e et 4e trimestres
- ^ Wolfgang Kaiser (dir.), La loge et le fondouk. Les dimensions spatiales des pratiques marchandes en Méditerranée, Moyen Âge - époque moderne, Paris, Karthala, Maison méditerranéenne des sciences de l’homme, 2014