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Effects of Electrospinning parameters.
Parameters	Effect on fibers	Linked to
Solution Parameters
Viscosity	If too low no continuous fiber formation, if too high difficult ejection of the jet from the needle tip.	Polymer concentration, Molecular Weight
Polymer Concentration	Increase in concentration results in increased diameters. A minimum concentration is required: if too low not enough entanglements to sustain the jet (beads).	Surface tension, Viscosity
Molecular weigth	Reflects the number of entanglements of polymeric chains in solution, thus its viscosity.	Viscosity, Surface tension, Conductivity
Conductivity	Directly related to the accumulation of charges under the electric field. Higher the conductivity and stronger is the stretching of the jet resulting in smaller diameters.	Voltage
Surface tension	With all other parameters fixed, it determines the upper and lower boundaries of the electrospinning window.
Processing Parameters
Votlage	Fiber formation only after a certain threshold voltage. Higher voltages cause greater stretching of the solution with reduction of fiber diameters; but if too high voltage may cause instability of the jet and increase in fiber diameters.	Tip to collector distance, Conductivity, Feed rate
Tip to collector distance	Affects the traveling time of the polymer jet, should be high enough to allow complete evaporation of the solvent.	Voltage, Feed rate
Feed rate	Determines the amount of solution available per unit of time. Influences the jet velocity and the material transfer rate. The higher the rate and the greater the amount of polymer to be processed and so the greater are the fiber diameters.	Tip to collector distance, Voltage, Viscosity
Ambient Parameters
Humidity	High humidity may result in pores on fiber surface
Temperature	An increase in temperature results in decrease in fiber diameter thanks to a decrease in viscosity.	Viscosity

978-0-596-51516-4

Hello, my name is Alessia.^[1] I live in Italy.^[1] I like it here.^[2]

Fruit

I like apples.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b Broughton, John (2008). Wikipedia: the missing manual (1 ed.). Beijing: O'Reilly. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-596-51516-4.
^ ^a ^b Giles, Jim (December 2005). "Internet encyclopaedias go head to head". Nature. 438 (7070): 900–901. doi:10.1038/438900a. ISSN 0028-0836.

[Broughton-1] Broughton, John (2008). Wikipedia: the missing manual (1 ed.). Beijing: O'Reilly. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-596-51516-4.

[:0-2] Giles, Jim (December 2005). "Internet encyclopaedias go head to head". Nature. 438 (7070): 900–901. doi:10.1038/438900a. ISSN 0028-0836.

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