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Applied Thai Architecture
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Applied Thai Architecture It is a type of Thai architecture that blends traditional and contemporary elements together and has developed under the influence of Western culture. Up until the time of King Rama III, western culture was more common in Thailand. As a result of enabling European missionaries to promote religion, Western influences gradually crept into Thai paintings, fine arts, sculptures, and architectural designs. The majority of the structures now utilized for government offices date from King Rama III and later and frequently combine Eastern and Western architectural elements. These architectural designs have been preserved from antiquity until the present.[1]
Thailand was extensively exposed to western influences up until the country's openness during the reigns of King Rama IV through King Rama V. This led to the promotion of new art forms, including the importation of many branches of artists. as well as European pieces of art that have been specifically modified to reflect Thai art identity.[2]
Development of western influences in Thai architecture in the Rattanakosin era.
[edit]Thailand continued to receive its architectural heritage from Ayutthaya between the reigns of King Rama I and King Rama II. Western influence is still not very pervasive in Thailand at this time. China will only have an impact on Thailand if there is ongoing trade and contact between the two countries from the end of Ayutthaya until the beginning of the Rattanakosin era. Thailand, however, does not place great emphasis on trade with the West. Western influences did not affect this time period as a result.
Up until King Rama III's rule, trade ties with the West crystallised during this time due to the signing of a friendship treaty with England. Western art and architecture were not particularly well-liked, nevertheless. Chinese art is still very popular today. The temples built by King Rama III are filled with Chinese artwork and architecture.
When King Rama IV assumed power, Thailand's ties to Western countries were evolving toward greater openness. Take advantage of Western culture to its fullest in this period's art and architecture, which has an impact on architecture, culture, and art.[3]
Style and identity of Western influenced building in Thailand
[edit]The majority of structures in applied Thai architecture were built as the king's and his family's royal dwellings. There are, however, numerous additional works of art that were produced as religious structures and memorials for people and things. Additionally, some of them, like astronomical observatories, are designed to be utilized just temporarily.[4]
Classicism
[edit]In classical architecture, boldness, humility, and intelligence were values highly regarded. Individual elements that are present in a number of traditional architectural styles are defined by these values. The following are a few of these essential components:
- Symmetry and proportions
- Columns in a specific style (or order)
- Front porch topped with a pediment
- Durable building materials
- Classical design motifs
- Rectangular windows[5]
These elements appeared the most in government buildings, as it is the preferred style of King Rama V. visible in the Saranrom Palace (ไทย : พระราชวังสราญรมย์) building and the Ministry of Defence (ไทย : กระทรวงกลาโหม).[2]
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Neo-Palladian
[edit]Palladian architecture is named for the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580), whose creations and theories had a significant impact on European architecture from the early 17th century to the present.[6]
Bold Palladian architecture is less prevalent in contemporary designs, although this architectural style is still present in historical structures and in significant components used in other design philosophies.[7]
The key elements of Palladian architecture are in the following lists below:
- Proportion
- Symmetry building
- Palladian window (also known as the Serliana or Venetian window)
- Temple front
- Use of Orders (optional)[6]
Palladio's designs are heavy and monotonous. The Territorial Defence Command (ไทย : หน่วยบัญชาการรักษาดินแดน) and the Customs House (ไทย : อาคารศุลกสถาน), etc. are only a few examples of the numerous structures in Thailand that feature this architectural design.
Neo-Renaissance
[edit]A marked return to the Renaissance characterises the historicist movement known as the Neo-Renaissance. Through the 19th century, Neo-Renaissance stylistic features were predominantly found in architecture and handicrafts, which at that time started to spread into Thailand through western personnel under the reign of King Rama V.
The following lists describe how Neo-Renaissance structures are characterized by a return to Renaissance architectural principles:
- cohesive harmony
- decorative elements in form of rectangles and circles
- cornices serving as horizontal elements of arrangement
- pillars and pilasters were in line with the classic arrangement[8]
This type of architecture can be seen in the Boromphiman Throne Hall (ไทย : พระที่นั่งบรมพิมาน) and the Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall (ไทย : พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม).
Victorian-Renaissance
[edit]England's cities and towns continue to be predominantly characterised by the Victorian architecture that was born there. However, a number of architectural styles from the Victorian era also became popular elsewhere. The Industrial Revolution helped make the Victorian era a time of rising prosperity, a growing middle class, and a surge in mass production.
Despite the wide range of architectural styles that make up the Victorian era, the following characteristics are typical:
- Steeply pitched roofs
- Plain or colorfully painted brick
- Ornate gables
- Painted iron railings
- Churchlike rooftop finials
- Sliding sash and canted bay windows
- Octagonal or round towers and turrets to draw the eye upward
- Two to three stories
- Generous wraparound porches
- Small gardens
- Asymmetry[9]
The results of Victorian-Renaissant is visible in the royal buildings such as the Chakri Maha Prasat Throne Hall (ไทย : พระที่นั่งจักรีมหาปราสาท)
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References
[edit]- ^ Cloud, The (2020-01-02). "10 สถาปัตยกรรมตะวันตกแบบโบราณในพระนคร". The Cloud (in Thai). Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ a b นานา, ไกรฤกษ์ (5 Feb. 2020). "ความรุ่งเรืองสถาปัตยกรรมฝรั่งในบางกอก สวนทางกับชีวิตลุ่มๆ ดอนๆ ของช่างฝรั่งผู้สร้าง". ศิลปวัฒนธรรม Silpa-magazine.com.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Sermsukcharoenchai, Supachai. "งานตกแต่งภายในพระอุโบสถวัดราชบพิธ สถิตมหาสีมาราม: การปรับเปลี่ยนสู่ศิลปะตะวันตกในสมัยรัชกาลที่5" (PDF).
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "ในความงาม "แบบยุโรป"". thehumans.sac.or.th. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ "What Is Classical Architecture?". The Spruce. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ a b "Palladianism". RIBA Architecture.com. January 1, 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "What Is Palladian Architecture?". The Spruce. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ "Ketterer Kunst, Art auctions, Book auctions Munich, Hamburg & Berlin". www.kettererkunst.com. Retrieved 2023-05-07.
- ^ "What Is Victorian Architecture?". The Spruce. Retrieved 2023-05-07.