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User:Chpnn/Sport in Taiwan

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History

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Westernization during Qing Dynasty(1858-1895)

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The Treaty of Tientsin opened up the Taiwanese border to the western countries, and many missionaries came to Taiwan for missionary, medical, and education work.[1] The missionaries promoted the education of intelligence, morality, and physical, and started to include physical education class in the system. [1]At the time, Han Chinese does not have habits of exercise, so the missionaries encouraged students to swim, play, and run after class. Sports like gymnastics, racing, high jump, and hiking were brought to the Han Chinese.[2]

Japan Colonial Era (1895-1945)

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As part of the Japanization and the Kōminka movement, modern physical education and sports became universal systematically in Taiwan. [3]Through physical education, Japan’s goal is to assimilate the Taiwanese, improve their physical ability and health and sanitary, and upright the ideas. In the book “Taiwan’s Tradition”, Tōhō Takayoshi described Han Chinese’s physical appearance in Taiwan at the time as “rich people have a body like pigs, while laborers have a body like mantises.“ [3]To promote sports in Taiwan, the Japanese leader in Taiwan encouraged the establishment of different sports clubs, including martial arts, equestrian, shooting, bicycle, tennis, badminton, soccer, bowling, and gymnastics.[3] As school enrollment rates got higher and sports competition became popular, sports became universal from students to social classes, establishing a favorable foundation for sports in Taiwan.[4]

Kuomintang-led Government (1946-1987)

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When the Kuomintang-led government took back Taiwan from Japan in 1949 and started the national-wide martial law, freedom was restricted and life was strictly regulated under the party-state system. [5]The economy was severely damaged by World War II and the Chinese Civil War, and many sports clubs were dissolved due to the sensitive political environment. Although the sports environment had a setback, Japanese colonial era left a crucial foundation in Taiwan that allowed the passion for sports to grow in this difficult time. [2] Moreover, sports in Taiwan at the time were mainly government-driven, and the government devoted itself to developing sports in Taiwan. [2]

In 1968, the government implemented the national-wide 9-year compulsory education and enforced physical education in every public school. [6] In the same year, the government commented government-operated enterprise and some private-sector companies to choose a national sports team to sponsor. Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation, Bank of Taiwan, and other major state-owned companies became sponsors of national sports teams of basketball, baseball, tennis, etc.. Moreover, television became universal in Taiwan during the 1950s and the number of home TV increased drastically. To promote the sports spirit in Taiwan, the government commented major TV stations in Taiwan to live broadcast national team competitions, which successfully raised the attention to Taiwanese sports teams [7] In July 1968, Hong-Ye juvenile baseball team defeated the visiting champion team from Japan with the score of 7-0. Baseball suddenly went viral in the nation and gradually became Taiwan's national sport. [8]

Post Martial Law (1987-Present)

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After the martial law, the government noticed that there are a lot of talented athletes went abroad seeking for better training. Therefore, the government invested in sports and announced many short-term and mid-term plans to nurture future athletes. The government also started promoting public heath and exercises habits. [9]

Team sports

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Basketball

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P. League+ match in 2021

Basketball is the most popular ball sport in Taiwan by participation. In 1954, the Chinese Taipei Basketball Association (CTBA) was founded as a non-governmental organization that works closely with the government to regulate the basketball industry in Taiwan[10]. In 1993, four individual basketball teams formed the very first professional basketball league in Taiwan called the “Chinese Basketball Association”, but the association only lasted 5 years before it was resolved due to the under fulfillment of 6 teams. [11] In 2003, the Chinese Taipei Basketball Association (CTBA) founded a semi-professional basketball league “Super Basketball League” (SBL) that continued the basketball industry in Taiwan. [12]However, the viewership and audience for SBL had contracted throughout the year which resulted in only four teams participating in the year 2022, the lowest number of teams participating in the history of SBL. [13] In 2022, the second professional basketball league “P. LEAGUE+” (Plus League) was founded by a former basketball player Charles Chen. [14] The following year, a third professional basketball league “T1 League” was established by the former manager of the American basketball alliance NBA in the Taiwan area Guang-Zhong Guan. [15]The two newly established professional basketball leagues sparks competition in players and resources but were said to have pushed the basketball industry in Taiwan to a new peak. [16] While teams in both leagues were dedicated to recruiting the best local players, they were both eyeing and investing in recruiting foreign players. In 2022, renowned NBA star Dwight Howard was recruited by the team Taoyuan Leopards within T1 League, marking history in Taiwan’s basketball. [17]


Internationally, The Chinese Taipei men's national basketball team won the silver medal at the Asian Championship in 1960 and 1963 and bronze in 1973 and 1989. The Chinese Taipei women's national basketball team won the silver medal at the 1972 Asian Basketball Championship for Women. The team won bronze at the event in 1965, 1968, 1970, 1974, 1986, 1988, 1999 and 2005. Further, the women's team won silver at the 2006 Asian Games.

Reference

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  1. ^ a b "Milestones: 1830–1860 - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-07.
  2. ^ a b c 蘇瑞陽; 王同茂 (2005-03-01). "戰後初期的台灣體育(1945-1949)". 臺大體育學報. doi:10.6569/NTUJPE.200503_(7).0003. ISSN 1991-2498.
  3. ^ a b c 林丁國 (2008). 觀念、組織與實踐：日治時期臺灣體育運動之發展(1895-1937) (thesis thesis).
  4. ^ 蔡, 錦堂 (2009-03). "日治時期臺灣公學校 修身教育及其影響" (PDF). 師大臺灣史學報. pp. 3–33. Retrieved 10-7-2022. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  5. ^ "Taiwan in Time: The precursor to total control - Taipei Times". www.taipeitimes.com. 2016-05-15. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  6. ^ Zhang, Junchao (March 2018). "The Impact of 9-year Compulsory Education: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Taiwan". ResearchGate.
  7. ^ 聯合新聞網. "68五十：台灣體育的時空膠囊何時解封？ | 陳子軒". 鳴人堂 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  8. ^ "同心棒‧連擊全壘打 紅葉隊‧槓上大開花-台灣棒球運動珍貴新聞檔案數位資料館". web.archive.org. 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  9. ^ 聯合新聞網. "東奧奪牌背後：台灣體育政策的演進發展史（上） | 丁桀". 鳴人堂 (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  10. ^ "中華民國籃球協會|Chinese Taipei Basketball Association". www.basketball-tpe.org. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  11. ^ 劉, 祥航 (1999-03-10.). "職籃五年球賽喊卡". 自由時報. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ "圓球城市 - 台灣大主導 SBL成立協會". www.roundballcity.com. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  13. ^ "SBL確定走入歷史 球評批：聯盟結構不健康 - Newsweek" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  14. ^ "台灣職業籃球新聯盟「P.League＋」正式成立！". 籃球筆記 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  15. ^ "《T1 League》T1聯盟元年總評－勉強及格，尚待努力。 - T1 League - 籃球". 運動視界 Sports Vision (in Chinese). 2022-07-27. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  16. ^ 台北報導, 林曉慧 沈志明 / (2021-09-10). "T1聯盟成立、PLG擴編 國內職籃百家爭鳴 ｜ 公視新聞網 PNN". 公視新聞網 PNN. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
  17. ^ "Dwight Howard has unreal Taiwanese basketball league debut". sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2022-12-12.
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