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User:Cyclonebiskit/OKC2023
Top: Preliminary map of tornado tracks in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area
Bottom: Photograph of the EF3 Cole tornado
Meteorological history
DurationTornado Outbreak: 7:03–10:40 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00) April 19, 2023
Tornado outbreak
Tornadoes18
Maximum ratingEF3 tornado
Highest winds150 to 155 mph (241 to 249 km/h) (Cole, Oklahoma, EF3)
Winter storm
Highest winds84 mph (135 km/h) NNW of Shawnee, Oklahoma (straight-line winds)[1]
Largest hail4 in (10 cm) near Lake Okemah, Oklahoma[1]
Overall effects
Fatalities3 total (2 non-tornadic, 1 tornadic)
Injuries188 injuries
Damage>$20 million (2023 USD)
Areas affectedCentral Oklahoma, primarily around the Oklahoma City metropolitan area
Power outages34,000 customers
Part of the tornado outbreaks of 2023

On April 19, 2023, an unusual series of supercell thunderstorms impacted the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. These slow-moving, cyclic storms produced a localized outbreak of 18 tornadoes and severe weather event that killed 3 people and injured 188 others. The storms were described as chaotic by meteorologists, with the cells exhibiting Fujiwhara interactions and mergers over the course of several hours.

Background and meteorological synopsis

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Multiple days in advance, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) highlighted the possibility for severe weather to develop throughout the central Great Plains, with weather models indicating the presence of a favorable environment for severe weather across Iowa, southeastern Nebraska, and central Kansas. All three of these states were given a Day 3 slight risk for severe weather, primarily focused on the hail threat. although the possibility of supercell development in the area was present, expected lapse rates favored more hail-producing storms. A marginal risk was issued for the Plains surrounding the slight risk area, extending into Wisconsin, and all the way to the Texas-Mexico border.[2] The next day, on April 18, the SPC introduced a large 2% contour for tornadoes in the area, with a smaller 5% risk area centered in central Kansas, into southeastern Nebraska. A large, hatched corridor for large hail was established for most of the main risk area as well. The presence of elevated convective available potential energy (CAPE) values reaching into the 2,000–3000 J/kg range in an area with elevated upper level jet exit, and 50 to 60 °F (10 to 16 °C) dew points in the region, made the environment unstable and favorable for supercell development. However, the presence of a capping inversion in the region, as well as rapid transition combined with the loss of diurnal daylight heating, was believed to be a limiting factor in the sustainment of more intense, rotating thunderstorms, hence the low tornado potential. By this time, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area was only covered under a 2% risk for tornadoes.[3]

NEXRAD imagery of an EF2 tornado near Etowah, Oklahoma

By April 19, the environment around central Oklahoma was showing signs of a more sustained environment for supercells capable of tornadoes, so a 5% corridor was introduced from the Oklahoma City metropolitan area southwestward into extreme northern Texas. Additionally, an enhanced risk for severe weather was introduced for an area encompassing northwestern Missouri, southwestern Iowa, southeastern Nebraska, and northeastern Kansas, due to the introduction of a hatched, 30% risk for large, destructive hail. Despite the elevated threat for tornadoes in south-central Oklahoma, the perceived lack of sufficient moisture was forecast to somewhat limit tornado potential, although it was noted that a conditional strong tornado threat did exist if any supercell could sustain itself.[4] Later that afternoon, intense supercells developed south of Oklahoma City, with the leading one producing large hail and damaging winds, with a tornado also reported near Tinker Air Force Base. The trailing one would soon strengthen and become a prolific tornado producer, spawning 10 tornadoes, including several strong, large tornadoes, that moved along erratic paths due to the slow movement of the storm. The first strong tornado it dropped was an intense EF3 tornado that caused significant damage in Cole with a fatality occurring west of the town.[5][6][7] Later, the supercell later spawned another large, high-end EF2 tornado near Etowah before absorbing merging with another tornadic supercell to its west; this cluster of storms spawned a large, broad mesocyclone that produced several circulations that rotated around each other due to the Fujiwhara effect.[8] These circulation produced multiple additional large tornadoes touched down after sunset, including EF2 and EF3 tornadoes near Pink and a very large, destructive high-end EF2 tornado that struck Shawnee.[9] Multiple PDS tornado warnings were issued as a result of this storm.[9]

Impact

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Three people were killed during the event, of which one was attributed to a tornado. Two of the deaths were in Cole and another occurred outside of McClain County but transported into the county.[10][11] A total of 188 people were treated for storm-related injuries: 67 from falls, 28 from cuts, 28 from flying debris, 22 from transportation incidents, 14 from poisoning, 1 from burns, and 28 from various other causes.[12]

According to Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) surveys, a total of 2,124 homes were impacted by the severe weather event. Of these, 187 suffered minor damage, 161 sustained major damage, and 70 were destroyed.[13] Earlier assessments from the Government of Oklahoma published on April 21 indicated at least 1,965 homes were impacted with 380–420 being severely damaged or destroyed. More than 90 percent of these structures were in Shawnee.[11] The Oklahoma Department of Emergency Management and Homeland Security placed damage in excess of $9 million as of April 24.[14] Damage to Shawnee Public Schools alone exceeded $20 million.[15]

A total of 34,000 customers lost power at the height of the storm, predominantly in Shawnee where more than 600 power poles were snapped.[16][17] Outages were reduced to 1,111 customers by April 25.[12]

Confirmed tornadoes

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Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 4 8 4 2 0 0 18
List of confirmed tornadoes – Wednesday, April 19, 2023[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 SW of Tinker Air Force Base Cleveland, Oklahoma Oklahoma 35°22′23″N 97°25′08″W / 35.373°N 97.419°W / 35.373; -97.419 (Tinker Air Force Base (April 19, EF0)) 00:03–00:08 3 mi (4.8 km) 250 yd (230 m)
A high-end EF0 tornado was observed by storm spotters as it moved northward. At the beginning of its path, it damaged trees and multiple outbuildings and caused minor roof damage to homes. After crossing I-240, the tornado clipped the southwest side of Tinker Air Force Base, where a large metal building suffered roof damage, PODS containers were thrown, and some more tree damage occurred. The tornado dissipated shortly thereafter.[18][10]
EF1 NW of Dibble Grady, McClain Oklahoma 35°04′23″N 97°41′53″W / 35.073°N 97.698°W / 35.073; -97.698 (Dibble (April 19, EF1)) 00:20–00:26 3 mi (4.8 km) 200 yd (180 m)
Power poles were snapped, a small trailer was destroyed, and homes, outbuildings, and trees were damaged.[18][10]
EF3 Cole to NW of Goldsby McClain Oklahoma 35°04′55″N 97°38′02″W / 35.082°N 97.634°W / 35.082; -97.634 (Cole (April 19, EF3)) 00:30–01:05 11 mi (18 km) 1,200 yd (1,100 m)
Doppler Radar imagery of the Cole tornado from Will Rogers World Airport at 7:39 p.m. CDT

2 deaths – A large, intense multiple-vortex tornado first touched down north of Dibble and quickly intensified as it moved generally eastward. Mobile homes and outbuildings were heavily damaged or destroyed, including some that were obliterated and swept away, and the metal frame of one mobile home was bent around a tree. One frame home was leveled at high-end EF3 intensity, multiple other houses had severe roof damage, power poles were snapped, and trees were snapped or uprooted. The tornado turned northeastward and moved directly through Cole at mid-range EF3 strength, where several homes were heavily damaged or destroyed, with roofs completely torn off and multiple exterior walls knocked down. Mobile homes and large metal buildings were also destroyed, and many trees and power lines were downed as well.[18] One person was killed in western Cole when his mobile home was destroyed. A second person died from a heart attack while being transported to the hospital for injuries caused by the tornado.[19]

Continuing northeastward, the tornado weakened but remained strong as it heavily damaged multiple homes, snapped trees and power poles, and obliterated an unanchored mobile home. After turning northward southwest of Goldsby, the tornado weakened significantly, causing minor roof shingle and fence damage in a subdivision northwest of the town. A few trees were downed along this final segment of the path before the tornado dissipated. One fatality occurred west of Cole while another indirect fatality also occurred.[10][18] Two people in Cole survived by taking shelter in a manhole under the street.[20]

EF1 S of Blanchard McClain Oklahoma 35°05′38″N 97°39′14″W / 35.094°N 97.654°W / 35.094; -97.654 (Blanchard (April 19, EF1)) 00:38–00:41 1.5 mi (2.4 km) 200 yd (180 m)
Power poles were snapped, and trees were damaged.[18] This was the first of three satellite tornadoes that accompanied the EF3 Cole tornado.[10]
EF1 ESE of Cole McClain Oklahoma 35°05′N 97°32′W / 35.09°N 97.54°W / 35.09; -97.54 (Cole (April 19, EF1)) 00:47–00:53 2 mi (3.2 km) 400 yd (370 m)
An outbuilding partially collapsed, a house suffered heavy roof damage, and trees were snapped or uprooted.[18] This was the second of three satellite tornadoes that accompanied the EF3 Cole tornado.[10]
EF0 Washington to W of Slaughterville McClain, Cleveland Oklahoma 35°03′29″N 97°28′34″W / 35.058°N 97.476°W / 35.058; -97.476 (Slaughterville (April 19, EF0)) 00:55–01:15 7 mi (11 km) 400 yd (370 m)
Two homes sustained minor damage and tree branches were snapped.[18][10]
EF1 NNE of Washington McClain Oklahoma 35°05′13″N 97°27′36″W / 35.087°N 97.46°W / 35.087; -97.46 (Washington (April 19, EF1)) 00:56–00:58 0.8 mi (1.3 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A brief tornado touched down, snapping trees and power poles.[18] This was the third of three satellite tornadoes that accompanied the EF3 Cole tornado.[10]
EF1 ENE of Slaughterville Cleveland Oklahoma 35°07′01″N 97°16′34″W / 35.117°N 97.276°W / 35.117; -97.276 (Slaughterville (April 19, EF1)) 01:32–01:35 2 mi (3.2 km) 150 yd (140 m)
This was the first of four tornadoes in the Etowah area.[21] Trees were snapped or uprooted and a well-anchored barn at the end of the path suffered heavy roof damage and partially collapsed. A door pole from the structure was thrown into a nearby home.[18][10]
EF2 ENE of Slaughterville to N of Etowah Cleveland Oklahoma 35°07′30″N 97°15′40″W / 35.125°N 97.261°W / 35.125; -97.261 (Slaughterville (April 19, EF2)) 01:36–01:45 6 mi (9.7 km) 700 yd (640 m)
A multiple-vortex tornado touched down east of Slaughterville, snapping and uprooting trees, damaging mobile homes, and tossing a grain bin near the beginning of its path. The tornado reached high-end EF2 intensity as it moved eastward to the west of Etowah, completely destroying two well anchored mobile homes, inflicting significant roof damage to homes, and snapping or uprooting trees and power poles. The tornado then passed north of Etowah as it continued eastward, rolling two RVs, snapping more power poles, and inflicting roof damage to multiple homes. To the northeast of town, some additional tree damage occurred, a camper was rolled into a home, and a barn suffered roof damage before the tornado dissipated.[18][10]
EF1 S of Etowah Cleveland Oklahoma 35°07′59″N 97°12′50″W / 35.133°N 97.214°W / 35.133; -97.214 (Etowah (April 19, EF1)) 01:41–01:44 1.7 mi (2.7 km) 50 yd (46 m)
This tornado moved parallel to the first Slaughterville–Etowah EF2 tornado.[22] Three outbuildings were damaged, two of which had severe damage, and trees were snapped.[18][10]
EF2 N of Etowah to S of Pink Cleveland, Pottawatomie Oklahoma 35°09′32″N 97°10′23″W / 35.159°N 97.173°W / 35.159; -97.173 (Etowah (April 19, EF2)) 01:47–01:59 4.1 mi (6.6 km) 2,200 yd (2,000 m)
This very large, high-end EF2 tornado touched down immediately after the first Etowah EF2 tornado dissipated. Homes, mobile homes, and outbuildings were heavily damaged or destroyed, and power poles were snapped. Major tree damage occurred in wooded areas, with multiple trees being stripped of their branches and sustaining some debarking.[18][10]
EF3 SSE of Pink Pottawatomie Oklahoma 35°13′44″N 97°06′40″W / 35.229°N 97.111°W / 35.229; -97.111 (Pink (April 19, EF3)) 02:04–02:09 0.6 mi (0.97 km) 250 yd (230 m)
This strong, low-end EF3 tornado occurred after the second Etowah EF2 tornado dissipated. A high-tension metal truss tower was twisted and collapsed, homes suffered roof damage, and trees were snapped or uprooted, including some trees that fell onto power lines.[18][10][23]
EF0 NW of Denver Cleveland Oklahoma 35°14′17″N 97°17′46″W / 35.238°N 97.296°W / 35.238; -97.296 (Denver (April 19, EF0)) 02:06–02:08 0.7 mi (1.1 km) 60 yd (55 m)
A weak tornado occurred on the north side of Lake Thunderbird, damaging trees and a shop.[18][10]
EF2 NNE of Pink to ENE of Stella Pottawatomie, Cleveland Oklahoma 35°16′59″N 97°06′11″W / 35.283°N 97.103°W / 35.283; -97.103 (Pink (April 19, EF2)) 02:13–02:23 6 mi (9.7 km) 700 yd (640 m)
This strong tornado moved northwestward, causing minor to severe roof damage to homes, including one home that had a large portion of its roof removed. Mobile homes, RVs, and farm outbuildings were heavily damaged or destroyed, a church suffered minor roof damage, and trees were snapped or uprooted, including one tree that fell on and damaged a house.[18][10]
EF0 NE of Little Axe Cleveland Oklahoma 35°15′18″N 97°11′13″W / 35.255°N 97.187°W / 35.255; -97.187 (Little Axe (April 19, EF0)) 02:18–02:21 1 mi (1.6 km) 75 yd (69 m)
A house suffered roof damage and trees were snapped or uprooted.[10]
EF1 Bethel Acres Pottawatomie Oklahoma 35°18′50″N 97°01′01″W / 35.314°N 97.017°W / 35.314; -97.017 (Bethel Acres (April 19, EF1)) 02:21–02:28 1.8 mi (2.9 km) 400 yd (370 m)
An unanchored mobile classroom at Bethel High School was rolled into an adjacent building, a house and a mobile home suffered roof damage, an outbuilding was damaged, and trees were snapped or uprooted.[18][10]
EF2 SW of Shawnee to SW of Meeker Pottawatomie, Lincoln Oklahoma 35°16′19″N 97°00′00″W / 35.272°N 97.000°W / 35.272; -97.000 (Shawnee (April 19, EF2)) 02:39–03:16 15.5 mi (24.9 km) 2,300 yd (2,100 m)
Shawnee Hall at the Oklahoma Baptist University campus suffered extensive roof damage

A very large, high-end EF2 multiple-vortex tornado first touched down southwest of Shawnee, snapping trees and power poles, damaging or destroying outbuildings, and inflicting minor to moderate roof damage to homes and a church. The tornado reached low-end EF2 intensity as it entered the southwestern side of Shawnee, damaging numerous homes and destroying the gymnasium at Shawnee High School. Many trees, power poles, and light poles were downed as well.[24] The tornado reached its maximum intensity as it moved through the northern part of Shawnee and caused major damage, including at Oklahoma Baptist University, where every buildings on the campus were damaged.[18][25] This included large brick institutional buildings that suffered significant roof and exterior wall damage.[18]

Many homes and apartment buildings had roof and exterior wall loss, a nursing home was heavily damaged, a daycare center was destroyed, and multiple other businesses were heavily damaged or destroyed as well. Vehicles were overturned, numerous large trees were snapped or uprooted in town, and metal power poles were bent to the ground. Hangars were damaged at the Shawnee Regional Airport, and a Bell 206 B3 JetRanger helicopter operated by Tulsa CBS affiliate KOTV had its tail rotor snapped and was badly damaged. The tornado caused additional damage to homes, outbuildings, metal buildings, trees, and power poles as it passed near Aydelotte before dissipating southwest of Meeker. An unknown number of injuries were reported as well. This was the second time in 2023 that a high-end EF2 tornado had struck the northern part of Shawnee, with the first one occurring on February 26.[18][10][26][27]

EF1 ENE of Johnson Pottawatomie Oklahoma 35°25′41″N 96°47′31″W / 35.428°N 96.792°W / 35.428; -96.792 (Johnson (April 19, EF1)) 03:39–03:40 0.4 mi (0.64 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A home had part of its roof removed, an outbuilding and a mobile home were damaged, and trees were snapped or uprooted.[18][10]

Aftermath

[edit]
Three counties were declared federal disaster areas in Oklahoma following the storms: Cleveland, McClain, and Pottawattamie

Within hours of the tornadoes, ten members of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol and personnel from Oklahoma City proper assisted with search and rescue in Cole. The Moore Emergency Management agency provided rescuers with lights. The Pottawattamie Emergency Management requested the establishment of a mobile command post from the Oklahoma Disaster Task Force and the Choctaw Nation.[28] Oklahoma Task Force 1 (an urban search and rescue unit) was dispatched to Shawnee, with operations concluding by 6:30 p.m. on April 20.[16][29] Technical rescue equipment was deployed to Shawnee to extract people trapped in a collapsed business.[16]

The Red Cross opened three shelters: one in each of Noble, Shawnee, and Washington.[30] The Salvation Army, Gordon Cooper Technology Center, and Regional Food Bank of Oklahoma provided meals to people in Bethel Acres, Cole, and Shawnee.[16][11] The Oklahoma State Department of Health and Oklahoma Medical Reserve Corps provided tetanus shots beginning on April 21 at three locations in McClain County and two in Pottawattamie County.[11] By April 21, two supply distribution centers were opened in Shawnee. The Convoy of Hope donated two tractor-trailers loaded with food, tarpaulins, and cleaning supplies. The Mennonite Disaster Services, Oklahoma Baptist Disaster Relief, and Samaritan’s Purse aided with cleanup, demolition, and repairs.[11] The Southwest Incident Support Team, an agency tasked with assisting in disaster coordination, was dispatched to help with damage surveys.[11] A volunteer center was opened by the Community Renewal of Pottawatomie County on April 22.[31] Oklahoma Baptist University provided housing to displaced students.[32] By April 26, all buildings except for Shawnee Hall at Oklahoma Baptist University were reopened.[25] Shawnee High School suspended all in-person classes for the remainder of the school year, returning to virtual classes.[33]

Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt declared a state of emergency for Cleveland, Lincoln, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie counties on April 20.[34] This activated the Emergency Price Stabilization Act, prohibiting price gouging during an emergency.[16] President Joe Biden signed a federal disaster declaration for McClain and Pottawattamie counties on April 24. This enabled the distribution of federal funds for relief efforts.[35] The Small Business Administration and Oklahoma Small Business Development Center opened a one-stop-shop recovery center in Shawnee on April 25 to aid businesses in their recovery process.[36] Applications for Disaster Unemployment Assistance through the Oklahoma Employment Security Commission were made available beginning on May 4 with a deadline of June 5 for McClain and Pottawattamie residents and June 12 for Cleveland residents.[37] Cleveland County was later added to the disaster declaration on May 8. By the same time, the FEMA had provided $920,000 to residents in McClain and Pottawattamie counties.[38] The cost of debris cleanup in McClain and Pottawattamie counties was estimated in the millions.[14] The United States Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service approved applications for Disaster Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits for residents in McClain and Pottawattamie counties based on their income and storm-related losses; applications would be accepted from May 8 to 12.[39] Starting on May 15, grants up to $1,500 from the Oklahoma Housing Finance Agency were made available for victims whose homes were damaged.[40] By May 31, total Individual Assistance costs from FEMA reached $5.47 million.[13]

See also

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Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "[Oklahoma Event Reports for April 19–20, 2023]". National Centers for Environmental Information. Various National Weather Service Forecast Office Agencies. July 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
  2. ^ "Apr 17, 2023 0730 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook". April 17, 2023. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  3. ^ "Apr 18, 2023 1730 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook". April 18, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  4. ^ "Apr 19, 2023 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". April 19, 2023. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  5. ^ "Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Discussion 565". www.spc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  6. ^ Ives, Mike (April 20, 2023). "At Least 2 Dead as Tornadoes Strike Oklahoma". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  7. ^ Leffler, Thomas (April 20, 2023). "At least 3 dead after damaging EF3 tornado levels homes in Oklahoma". AccuWeather. Retrieved April 21, 2023.
  8. ^ "9:51pm - THIS IS ANOTHER CASE OF THE STORM HAVING ERRATIC BEHAVIOR. THE STORM IS EXHIBITING A FUJIWARA EFFECT, WITH THE CIRCULATIONS ROTATING AROUND EACH OTHER. DO NOT ANTICIPATE STORM MOTION, TAKE COVER IF YOU'RE IN THE WARNING. #okwx". Twitter. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  9. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference 0419rpts was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "The Severe Weather and Tornado Outbreak of April 19, 2023". National Weather Service Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. May 1, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d e f "April 19 Severe Weather Event: Severe Weather Situation 3" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. April 21, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  12. ^ a b "April 19 Severe Weather Event: April 22 Situation Update 4" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. April 22, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Preliminary Damage Assessment Report: Oklahoma – Severe Storms, Straight-line Winds, and Tornadoes FEMA-4706-DR (PDF) (Report). Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 31, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  14. ^ a b Brown, Dylan (April 24, 2023). "Estimated $9 million in damage after deadly tornadoes". KFOR-TV. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  15. ^ Querry-Thompson, K. (April 27, 2023). "Tornado caused $20 million in damage to Shawnee Public Schools". KFOR-TV. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  16. ^ a b c d e "April 19 Severe Weather Event: April 20 Situation Update 2" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. April 20, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  17. ^ Sellers, Caroline (April 21, 2023). "1,800 structures damaged in Shawnee following deadly tornado". KFOR-TV. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Damage Assessment Toolkit". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  19. ^ [Oklahoma Event Report: EF3 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. July 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  20. ^ "Two escape tornado by taking cover in manhole". MSN. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  21. ^ [Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. July 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  22. ^ [Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado] (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. July 2023. Retrieved July 30, 2023. {{cite report}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  23. ^ "Oklahoma tornadoes claim third life, officials say". KFOR.com Oklahoma City. April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  24. ^ "SHAWNEE HIGH SCHOOL: The roof is GONE! You can see all the debris filling the basketball court @koconews #okwx #Tornado". Twitter. Archived from the original on April 20, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  25. ^ a b Hayes, Jana (April 26, 2023). "Oklahoma Baptist University students to return to Shawnee campus for class after tornado". The Oklahoman. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  26. ^ "Tornado Damages Osage SkyNews 6". KOTV-DT. Griffin Media. April 23, 2023.
  27. ^ "The twister that hit Shawnee, Oklahoma, yesterday damaged homes, flipped trucks, and destroyed a daycare". Twitter. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  28. ^ "April 19 Severe Weather Event: Situation Update 1" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. April 19, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  29. ^ "Search & Rescue Efforts Completed for McClain Co". KWTV-DT. April 20, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  30. ^ Douglas, Kaylee (April 20, 2023). "Oklahoma tornadoes claim third life, officials say". KFOR-TV. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  31. ^ "April 19 Severe Weather Event: April 22 Situation Update 4" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. April 22, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  32. ^ Querry-Thompson, K. (April 20, 2023). ""We have significant damage on campus," OBU officials work to move forward after tornado". KFOR-TV. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  33. ^ Crawford, Addie (May 15, 2023). "'Heartbreaking to See' Shawnee High School Seniors Discuss April Tornado". Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  34. ^ "Governor Stitt Declares State of Emergency in Five Counties" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. April 20, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  35. ^ Greco, Jonathan (April 24, 2023). "President Biden approves federal disaster relief for Oklahoma in wake of severe storms, tornadoes". KOCO-TV. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  36. ^ "SBA to Open Business Recovery Center in Shawnee to Help Businesses Impacted by Severe Storms, Straight line Winds and Tornadoes" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. April 24, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  37. ^ "OESC Accepting Applications For Disaster Unemployment Assistance" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. May 4, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  38. ^ "Federal Disaster Assistance Granted for Cleveland County" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. May 8, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  39. ^ "USDA approves Oklahoma Human Services to provide disaster SNAP assistance for storm survivors in McClain and Pottawatomie counties" (Press release). Government of Oklahoma. May 5, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  40. ^ "Disaster Grants Available Following April 2023 Severe Weather Outbreak". Oklahoma Housing Finance Agency. May 15, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
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