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DavidAnstiss/Torulaceae
Torula herbarum (Pers.) Link
Scientific classification Edit this classification
You're currently creating: Torulaceae
Type genus
Torula Pers.[2][3]
Synonyms[4]

Dendryphiaceae Corda, 1840

Torulaceae is a family of sac fungi.[5] They are saprobic in various terrestrial and also freshwater habitats.

History

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Genus Torula was described in 1794 by German mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon.[2]

Based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data analyses, Crous et al. revised the family Torulaceae and included the genus Dendryphion.[6] Su et al. then introduced genus Neotorula (which was found in freshwater habitats),[7] and Li et al. added a Sporidesmium-like genus, Sporidesmioides, within the Torulaceae family.[8] Su et al. provided an updated phylogeny for the Torulaceae family based on the combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TEF sequence data analyses and also established the monotypic genus Rostriconidium found in freshwater habitats.[9] In 2020, based on the results of ITS and also LSU sequence data and morphology, Crous et al. established the genus Rutola within the Torulaceae family.[10] Later, Boonmee et al. introduced genus Cylindrotorula within the Torulaceae with evidence from morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, RPB2, TEF).[11]


Description

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Notes – Torulaceae is known only from its asexual characters. It is characterized by immersed mycelium, erect, micro- or macronematous, straight or flexuous, subcylindrical conidiophores, with or without apical branches and doliiform to ellipsoid or clavate, brown, smooth to verruculose, and mono- to polyblastic conidiogenous cells. Conidia are subcylindrical, phragmosporous, acrogenous, brown, dry, and smooth to verrucose, characteristically produced in branched chains (Crous et al. 2015a,[6] Hyde et al. 2016,[12] Su et al. 2016,[7] Li et al. 2017a).[13]


Distribution

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Species within the Torulaceae family have a cosmopolitan distribution worldwide.[4] Including places such as China,[7][9]

For example species of the Torula genus have been found on herbaceous litter collected in Italy and Thailand.[13][14]

Genera

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As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020;[5]

References

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  1. ^ Corda, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) 2: 71 (1829).
  2. ^ a b Persoon, C.H. (1794). "Neuer versuch einer systematischen eintheilung der schwaümme". N. Mag. Bot. Ihrem Ganzen Umfange. 1: 63–128.
  3. ^ Chethana, Thilini (22 September 2022). "Torulaceae - Facesoffungi number: FoF 01740". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Torulaceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
  6. ^ a b Crous, Pedro W.; Carris, Lori M.; Giraldo, Alejandra; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Hawksworth, David L.; Hemández-Restrepo, Margarita; Jaklitsch, Walter M.; Lebrun, Marc-Henri; Schumacher, René K.; Stielow, J. Benjamin; Linde, Elna J. van der; Vilcāne, Jūlija; Voglmayr, Hermann; Wood, Alan R. (2015). "The Genera of Fungi - fixing the application of the type species of generic names - G 2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia, Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia". IMA Fungus. 6 (1): 163–198. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.11. PMC 4500082. PMID 26203422. S2CID 8653374.
  7. ^ a b c Su, H.Y.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Ariyawansa, H.A.; Luo, Z.L.; Promputtha, I.; Tian, Q.; Lin, C.G.; Shang, Q.J.; Zhao, Y.C.; Chai, H.M.; Liu, X.Y.; Bahkali, A.H.; Bhat, J.D.; McKenzie, E.H.C.; Zhou, D.Q. (2016). "The families Distoseptisporaceae fam. Nov., Kirschsteiniotheliaceae, Sporormiaceae and Torulaceae, with new species from freshwater in Yunnan Province, China". Fungal Divers. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0362-0.
  8. ^ Li, J.F.; Bhat, D.J.; Phookamsak, R.; Mapook, A.; Lumyong, S.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2016). "Sporidesmioides thailandica gen. Et sp. nov. (Dothideomycetes) from northern Thailand". Mycol. Prog. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2016.05.008.
  9. ^ a b Su, X.J.; Luo, Z.L.; Jeewon, R.; Bhat, D.J.; Bao, D.F.; Li, W.L.; Hao, Y.E.; Su, H.Y.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2018). "Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal new genus and species of Torulaceae from freshwater habitats in northwestern Yunnan, China". Mycol. Prog. 17: 531–545.
  10. ^ Crous, P.W.; Schumacher, R.K.; Wood, A.R.; Groenewald, J.Z. (2020). "The Genera of Fungi—G5: Arthrinium, Ceratosphaeria, Dimerosporiopsis, Hormodochis, Lecanostictopsis, Lembosina, Neomelanconium, Phragmotrichum, Pseudomelanconium, Rutola, and Trullula". Fungal Syst. Evol. 5: 77–98.
  11. ^ Boonmee S, Wanasinghe DN, Calabon MS, Huanraluek N, Chandrasiri SK, et al. (2021). "Fungal diversity notes 1387–1511: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa". Fungal Diversity. 111 (1): 1–335. doi:10.1007/s13225-021-00489-3. PMC 8648402. PMID 34899100.
  12. ^ Hyde, Kevin D.; et al. (2016). "Fungal diversity notes 367–490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 80 (1): 1–270. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0373-x. S2CID 256072208.
  13. ^ a b Li, Jun-Fu; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa; Jeewon, Rajesh; Bhat, Darbhe J.; Mapook, Ausana; Camporesi, Erio; Shang, Qiu-Ju; Chukeatirote, Ekachai; Bahkali, Ali H.; Hyde, Kevin D. (2017). "Molecular taxonomy and morphological characterization reveal new species and new host records of Torula species (Torulaceae, Pleosporales)". Mycological Progress. 16: 447–461.
  14. ^ Li, Junfu; Jeewon, Rajesh; Mortimer, Peter Edward; Doilom, Mingkwan; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa; Promputtha, Itthayakorn (February 2020). "Multigene phylogeny and taxonomy of Dendryphion hydei and Torula hydei spp. nov. from herbaceous litter in northern Thailand". PLoS ONE. 15 (2): e0228067. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228067.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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