User:Dawnnaomii/sandbox

Response

Refer to this page for instructor input.

Andrew.lantz (talk) 18:58, 4 March 2016 (UTC)

Wikipedia Psychology Project - Assignment 4

Article: Resistance (psychoanalysis)

Problem: According to the article's talk page, there is discussion considering whether the article should be merged with the article Psychological resistance. While this dialogue has apparently been long since abandoned, there is still viable concern about the current condition of the article.

References:

Secrets of the Soul: A Social and Cultural History of Psychoanalysis

Introduction to the Practice of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy

The Unconscious Mind: The Meaning of Freudian Psychology

Questions:

1. If the two pages were to remain distinct, would it still be viable to utilize any of the references from the article Psychological resistance?

2. Is there any dimension of the topic of psychoanalytic resistance that you could suggest that could distinguish it from the article Psychological resistance?

Andrew.lantz (talk) 18:02, 25 February 2016 (UTC)

I agree with the problem on the articles talk page, it seems like it is the same thing as the psychological resistance article which already has a lot of information in it, for example they already explain the 5 types in the other article. It seems like all we can do is focus more of the history of resistance in psychoanalysis. References:

I think that combining the two articles would be the best route. I have been doing a lot of reading on resistance to psychoanalysis and it's role in repression. I think it would be good to expand the definition of resistance and add more detail. Also it would be good to add that resistance is key to repression and how that works. There is a lot of criticism of psychoanalysis and I think that it would be good to address that, as well as giving a brief history of how Freud developed it and how he addressed resistance and repression. Book sources that I found include: The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud','The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freudtext and "Freud the Mind of the Moralist. The first two mainly provide good definitions of resistance and while the third provides more insight into intellectual opposition, the Ego and resistance as a defense mechanism. Marie Fre (talk) 14:21, 17 February 2016 (UTC) Here are the citations for the above books, [1] </ref> Marie Fre (talk) 18:32, 28 February 2016 (UTC)

I also believe that combining the two articles would be the best decision. That way we could get a more general and well rounded idea of both articles. I think we can maybe briefly connect our topic with psychological resistance without overlapping the two. I am also in agreement with focusing a lot on the history of development for psychoanalysis, addressing the various criticisms, and explaining its use and how it is viewed in modern day psychology.Alissa.gordon (talk) 05:56, 29 February 2016 (UTC)

Questions/Comments for Dr. Council: Would it be better to combine the two articles and just add on to the one that is better developed as they do seem like they are addressing the exact same topic or should be just work on the history and keep them separate? Dawnnaomii (talk) 21:51, 27 February 2016 (UTC)

To do list

TO DO LIST

1. Refine topic

are we combing both articles or not

–A decide on main points

Freud

history

application

Today

2. Reference page

  -Add in everyone's refernces 
  - decide which references to use for which section 

3. Divide work load

  - schedule and dead lines 
  - do we all want together in person 

Marie Fre (talk) 18:39, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

Wikipedia Assignment 5

To Do List

1. Refine Topic

We could combine the two articles by having a section about psychological resistance in our article, or we could have a link to the separate article if we choose not to combine them.

We might include:

-Repression

-Criticism/opposing arguments

as main points or sub-points

2. Reference Page

Each of us find credible sources and relevant information

Decide where to use each reference

3. Divide work load

It might be good to meet at least once as a group

Determine which sections each of us will complete Alissa.gordon (talk) 17:53, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

Outline =

Introduction

-Overview of main pointsAlissa.gordon (talk) 17:48, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

-History/Development of psychoanalysisAlissa.gordon (talk) 17:48, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

-Application Alissa.gordon (talk) 18:24, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

-Important PeopleAlissa.gordon (talk) 17:45, 17 March 2016 (UTC) Main Topic

-Role of Psychoanalysis today Alissa.gordon (talk) 18:24, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

-Criticisms Alissa.gordon (talk) 18:24, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

References

1. Consciousness and Interpretation in Modern Psychoanalysis

2. Psychoanalysis and the Rite of Refusal

3. The Problem of Unassailability: Analogy and Adequacy of Constructions in Freudian Psychoanalysis

4. The Basic Tools of Psychoanalysis

5. When Mindfulness is Therapy: Ethical Qualms, Historical Perspectives

Alissa.gordon (talk) 17:51, 17 March 2016 (UTC)

Wikipedia Psychology Project - Assignment 5

To-Do List

1. Transition the current link to the psychological resistance article to the "See Also" section at the bottom of the page or add a "not to be confused with" label. This is to present our article as a more distinct topic as opposed to a general concept. Also, the currently linked article resistance (creativity) should probably be placed with a "not to be confused with" label.

2. Much of the Freudian concepts (labeled as "Psychoanalytic origins") on the psychological resistance article could be transferred to the resistance (psychoanalysis) article.

3. The psychological resistance article should retain most of the contemporary applications of resistance whereas the resistance (psychoanalysis) article should focus upon historical development and Freudian understanding.

4. The distinction of the word "resistance" across psychological settings under the heading "Other theoretical schools use the concept "resistance" differently" seems to be irrelevant unless there is a significant historical precedent.

5. The section "Criticism to the concept of "resistance" requires expansion deviating from diverging definitions of the word "resistance." Instead, it should involve critical evaluation of Freud's theories.

Outline

-Definition-

A succinct description of Freud's general theory concerning resistance. Specifically, its relevance to psychoanalysis in demonstrating the presence of psychological issues.

-Variations-

This section should provide detail regarding the five primary types of resistance, perhaps including sub-headings for each of the five categories while providing a paragraph-length description.

-Historical Application-

While relevant historical information should be included in each distinct category, this section should provide information on Freud's development, usage, and perception of resistance.

-Criticism-

An objective evaluation of psychoanalytic resistance, as a concept, from a contemporary perspective.

References

1. The current single reference, "Motivational Interviewing", will have to be verified for authenticity or deleted.

2. "The Unconscious Mind: The Meaning of Freudian Psychology" provides some historical context alongside information on the five types of resistance.

3. "Introduction to the Practice of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy" can provide current applications for the concept of resistance.

4. "Secrets of the Soul: A Social and Cultural History of Psychoanalysis" provides a modern assessment of Freud's theories on resistance.

Andrew.lantz (talk) 07:33, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

To Do List/Outline: The to do list and outline that Andrew created seems very good and thorough. I agree we should just keep the two articles separate and transfer the things such as the 5 different types from the other article into this one. Making sure to trim the other one so we don't just have the same exact information in two different places. Dawnnaomii (talk) 21:34, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

The only other suggestion I have would to also have a section on the history in the sense that is already talked about in the article. Such that it used to be the person blocking memories and talk therapy was used to help treat it. We could maybe have a short section on some of the problems that went along with that, and then also explain that now it means something different, that is is anything getting in the way of therapy, directly or indirectly. We could either have this go in its own section or place it with the definition or under the history heading. So I think for the most part all we have left is to divide up the work so we know what we are responsible for, however you want to do that it doesn't matter to me. Dawnnaomii (talk) 21:34, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

References The two references I found for the last assignment, numbers 3 and 4 on the bottom seem to be good for some of the history part and how it came to be. We would also need a reference about some of what resistance used to mean and a little bit about talk therapy if we choose to do that. There is a link on the page right now for talk therapy however that just leads to an article on psychotherapy in general. So it wouldn't hurt to have a little bit of information on it. Dawnnaomii (talk) 21:34, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

Divide Work Load Candace: Okay, and I think deciding what each person is going to do is also part of what we have to do tomorrow, so as long as no one is opposed I will commit to doing the history section, as well as the part involving the talk therapy and the changing of the meaning of resistance if we choose to include that. Dawnnaomii (talk) 00:09, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section- Marie Fre

Resistance is a term coined by Sigmund Freud to describe the avoidance of unpleasant thoughts during psychoanalytic therapy.This is seen as an unconscious method to preserve the ego. The most persistent and difficult form of resistance to overcome is intellectual opposition. Freud's postilion was that it was the job of the therapist to overcome a client's resistance. It was like the nut shell insulating and obscuring the real seed of the client's dysfunctions. Freud saw transference and resistance as the pillars of psychoanalysis. Resistance acts as a defense mechanism to deal with difficult realities that the ego does not wish accept.

Now some therapists who practice according to psycho-dynamic theory, see resistance as the key to treatment. Resistance can signal a strength of ego and a desire of the client to retain autonomy.

Freud, S., & Brill, A. A. (1938). The basic writings of Sigmund Freud; tr. and ed., with an introduction. New York: Modern Library. Jones, E. (1957). The life and work of Sigmund Freud. Jones, E. (1957). The life and work of Sigmund Freud. 63.155.254.231 (talk) 20:40, 27 March 2016 (UTC)

I think your lead section is good. Maybe change avoidance to another word, like obstruction, or something similar to make it sound like it can be done both knowingly and unknowingly. I like that you mentioned it is used to preserve the ego and that Freud thought resistance and transference were the foundation of psychoanalysis. It might be good add in a sentence or two about how there is also criticisms against resistance. Alissa.gordon (talk) 20:47, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Write the name of the topic of the lead section in bold lettering, include links to articles that correspond to any topics that were mentioned, modify punctuation, and be sure that the lead section follows the designated outline.

Andrew.lantz (talk) 04:00, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section- Candace Kornelsen

The term Resistance was originally defined in relation to psychoanalysis, a type of psychotherapy first developed by Sigmund Freud. There are many types of resistance but essentially it is a client's unwillingness to make progress in therapy due to avoidance of a particular topic, either directly or indirectly. There are 5 different types of resistance: repression, transference, gain from illness, "working-through," and self-sabotage. Working with a client who is resistant can be challenging and that is why today therapists choose to work with the resistance and not against it, as a way to build a positive relationship with the client. From a place of trust the therapist can then work on uncovering the resistance and helping the client to make progress in their treatment. Dawnnaomii (talk) 01:19, 24 March 2016 (UTC)

I think this is a good start to the lead section. I like that you made it clear that resistance could happen consciously or unconsciously and that you identified the different types of resistance. It might be helpful to mention a little more about Freud's development of it (although I know there will be a more in depth section about that) or about the fact that there have been criticisms against resistance in psychoanalysis throughout the years. Alissa.gordon (talk) 20:51, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Write the name of the topic of the lead section in bold lettering, describe reasoning for resistance, include links to articles that correspond to any topics that were mentioned, and be sure that the lead section follows the designated outline.

Andrew.lantz (talk) 04:00, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section- Alissa Gordon

Resistance (psychoanalysis) is a term originally used by Sigmund Freud to describe the obstruction of memories from consciousness during psychoanalysis. It was first observed by Freud during psychoanalysis, which is a method used in talk therapy, and the purpose is to bring unconscious thoughts into the conscious mind. He believed the purpose of psychoanalysis was to bring out, or construct, what a person has forgotten. Resistance is seen as an obstacle that prevents this, and can be done unknowingly. Once these obstacles are removed, memories can be brought into the patient’s conscious mind. Throughout the evolution of psychology, more techniques have been developed along with talk therapy, which are used in modern psychoanalysis, such as joining, mirroring, and object-oriented questions. Patients can have emotional and intense responses to emotions or memories that are in the unconscious mind because of resistance, and it is possible they will try to suppress the development of those emotions. Freud was the first psychoanalyst to come up with the idea of resistance. Throughout the years, there have been both those who believe in this concept, and those who do not. Many of the failures of psychoanalysis treatment has been attributed to patient intransigence, or their unwillingness to change, and therefore, the unwillingness to bring memories into conscious mind. However, there are also various criticisms for the concept of resistance, among which includes the dismissal of the regression to infantile experiences as psychopathology. Alissa.gordon (talk) 08:08, 29 March 2016 (UTC)

Write the name of the topic of the lead section in bold lettering and include links to articles that correspond to any topics that were mentioned.

Andrew.lantz (talk) 04:00, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Lead Section--Andrew Lantz

The term resistance, in the context of the field of psychoanalysis, refers to when an individual's unconscious defenses are threatened by an external source. During such a time, an individual that is suffering from a psychological affliction may inadvertently attempt to impede the threat for the purpose of inhibiting the revelation of repressed information. Within a clinical setting, this is considered to be a significant stage to recovery as it is not only indicative of the presence of repression, but also progress in the attempt to contend with the underlying issues that may be a cause of personal dysfunction. However, as Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic theory, advanced his concept of resistance, it eventually developed into a multitude of individual forms including repression, transference, ego-resistance, "working-through", and self-sabotage. Currently, the concept of resistance is a contentious issue and has been considered to be merely a description of a patient’s temperament rather than a universal construct of the human mind.

Andrew.lantz (talk) 04:00, 30 March 2016 (UTC)

Official Lead

The term Resistance is a term from psychoanalytic therapy to describe the unconscious avoidance of painful or difficult memories. This phenomena was first documented by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. He discovered it while working with his patients during their talk therapy sessions. Freud considered resistance be an attempt of the unconscious to protect the ego. Some psychoanalysts continue to share this view and therefore see resistance as a good thing, because it shows the clients desire to remain independent and autonomous from the therapist. Resistance is also considered a sign of progress in therapy because it signals the therapist that there is repression.Marie Fre (talk) 20:31, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

For the purposes of assignment 7, I would like to reach consensus on our official lead paragraph. Specifically, I was wondering whether we all would find it agreeable to utilize my proposed lead section from the previous assignment. I apologize for its late posting so I was wondering if it could be critiqued at this point in time. It is designed in correspondence to the designated outline to concisely reflect the article, featuring a definition, the known variations of resistance, historical application, and criticism. Additionally, it appears to be compatible with Dr. Council's comments. Therefore, should we find it to be usable, are there any viable additions that anybody has in mind to enhance its overall quality?

Andrew.lantz (talk) 03:00, 7 April 2016 (UTC)

The term resistance, in the context of the field of psychoanalysis, refers to when an individual's unconscious defenses of the ego are threatened by an external source. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic theory, developed his concept of resistance as he worked with patients who suddenly developed uncooperative behaviors during sessions of talk therapy. He reasoned that an individual that is suffering from a psychological affliction, which Sigmund Freud believed to be derived from the presence of suppressed illicit or unwanted thoughts, may inadvertently attempt to impede any attempt to confront a subconsciously perceived threat. This would be for the purpose of inhibiting the revelation of any repressed information from within the unconscious mind.

In a clinical setting, the expression of resistance was considered to be a significant stage to recovery because it not only indicates the presence of repression, but also progress in the attempt to resolve the underlying issues that may be the cause of personal dysfunction. Essentially, resistance was perceived as a manifestation of unconscious mind in an attempt to protect the ego that had to be subverted by the psychoanalyst by means of directing the patient to a cathartic conclusion.

Sigmund Freud eventually advanced his concept of resistance and developed a multitude of individual forms that included repression, transference, ego-resistance, "working-through", and self-sabotage. Throughout history, there have been many psychologist both opposed to, and in favor of the concept of resistance. Currently, it is a debated issue. There are some who considered it to be merely a description of a patient’s temperament rather than a universal construct of the human mind. However, the concept of resistance retains a firm place in the history of psychology and the development of modern psychoanalysis.

Andrew.lantz (talk) 04:33, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

I made a few minior edits to improve readability as well as breaking up one of the paragraphs. Marie Fre (talk) 12:16, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

I edited a few things and added in a bit. I also changed a few words to make it more understandable and readable for a variety of education levels. Alissa.gordon (talk) 18:12, 8 April 2016 (UTC)

Sorry for the late response, but I think it's really good, it captures everything that it's supposed to and it is very readable even for those who don't already understand the subject. Dawnnaomii (talk) 15:43, 9 April 2016 (UTC)

Wikipedia Psychology Project - Assignment 8

For other uses, see Resistance (disambiguation).

Resistance, in the context of the field of psychoanalysis, refers to oppositional behavior when an individual's unconscious defenses of the ego are threatened by an external source. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalytic theory, developed his concept of resistance as he worked with patients who suddenly developed uncooperative behaviors during sessions of talk therapy. He reasoned that an individual that is suffering from a psychological affliction, which Sigmund Freud believed to be derived from the presence of suppressed illicit or unwanted thoughts, may inadvertently attempt to impede any attempt to confront a subconsciously perceived threat. This would be for the purpose of inhibiting the revelation of any repressed information from within the unconscious mind.

History

Having developed the theory of resistance through his direct experiences with patients undergoing therapy, Sigmund Freud noticed that patients would avoid subjects and topics that struck too closely to uncomfortable memories or unacceptable emotions and desires. Freud then integrated these findings with his previous theories concerning the functions of the id, ego and superego. As a result, he eventually advanced his concept of resistance by developing it into a multitude of individual forms that included repression, transference, ego-resistance, "working-through", and self-sabotage.

The common theory behind many of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic techniques, alluding to the fundamentals of psychoanalysis as a science, was that it is possible that memories that have been lost from consciousness provide hints of their existence by the means of prompting certain thoughts and behaviors. Accordingly, the aim of psychoanalysis is to bring what is unconscious or preconscious into consciousness through verbalization. Afterwards, the act of bringing such thoughts into consciousness prevents them from motivating behavior and thus allowing the the individual to exert more personal control.

Throughout its history, resistance has caused significant division between psychologists. It remains a debated issue as there are some who considered it to be merely a description of a patient’s temperament rather than a universal construct of the human mind. Nonetheless, the concept of resistance retains a firm place in the history of psychology and the development of modern psychoanalysis.

Forms of resistance

Repression

Main Article: Psychological repression

Repression is the form of resistance where the ego pushes offensive memories, ideas, and impulses down into the unconscious. Essentially, the patient is unconsciously hiding memories from the conscious mind.

Transference

Main Article: Transference

Typically unconscious, transference is when the patient allows past experiences to affect present relationships. In therapy, this may come about if the therapist reminds the patient, either consciously or unconsciously, of someone in their past who may have had an early impact on their life. Subsequently, the patient may suddenly tend to regard the therapist in either a positive or negative manner, depending upon the nature of the past influence.

Ego-resistance

This form of resistance is a neurotic regression to a proposed state of child-like safety. Usually, it involves the patient's attempts to gain attention and sympathy by emphasizing minor medical symptoms (i.e. headaches, nausea, and depression).

Working-through

Derived from the id, this form of resistance reflects the unconscious desire for consistency in a manner that is based upon the pleasure principle. Since the id is an innate portion of human instinct, interpretation of the conscious is an insufficient method, thus the psychoanalyst must first be able to surmount resistances by the means of deduction of patients' unconscious defenses that are presented through exploitation of the mechanism of transference.

Self-sabotage

The weakest form of resistance that reflects the moralistic sentiments of the superego. Essentially, it is a manifestation of internal guilt that prompts personal punishment by the means of self-imposed impediment.

Applications

Psychoanalysis is, altogether, considered to be a type of insight-oriented therapeutic program. Despite general initial reservations, these types of programs have since transitioned from being quite marginal to becoming more well-known and mainstream. In consideration to the theory of resistance itself, within a clinical setting, the expression of resistance is considered to be a significant stage to recovery because it reveals the presence of repression. Additionally, it is indicative of progress in the effort of resolving any underlying issues that may be the cause of personal dysfunction. As resistance is theorized to be a manifestation of the unconscious mind's attempts to protect the ego, it is the task of the psychoanalyst to combat this opposition by directing the patient to confront the unacceptable desires or uncomfortable memories. By this course of action, the patient may reach a cathartic conclusion.

Criticisms

Psychologists remain divided with regard to the concept of resistance. Since Freud first developed his theory of resistance, he has been significantly criticized for using personally favorable and unfalsifiable methodology. For example, if a patient were to agree with a psychoanalyst's inference about themselves, it is a confirmation that there is something they are repressing. However, if the patient disagrees, it is also a sign they are engaged in repression, which means the psychoanalyst is correct in either scenario. Additionally, many psychologists believe that the success of psychoanalysis is not due its various explanatory systems or its reasoning for repression, but rather simply due to the process of communication.

References

I broke up the paragraphs to make them part of the larger article like Dr. Council suggested, and fleshed them out a bit. Marie Fre (talk) 20:54, 14 April 2016 (UTC)

Andrew.lantz (talk) 16:13, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

I wasn't sure if we were supposed to sign our posts, but I did for what I have done so far. Obviously, I can take them off if they aren't necessary.Alissa.gordon (talk) 16:33, 15 April 2016 (UTC)

You need only sign your name at the bottom of the article. That way, it will be easier to transfer it to the actual page at a later time.

Andrew.lantz (talk)

I made all the changes suggested by Dr. Council and completed the transference and repression sections Dawnnaomii (talk) 17:20, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

My primary contribution was the forms of resistance, though I performed many slight modifications throughout the article

Andrew.lantz (talk) 15:14, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

I did a little bit of proof reading but everything looks really good. I think we are ready to publish. Marie Fre (talk) 19:31, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

I agree, I think it is ready to publish as well. Dawnnaomii (talk) 22:17, 25 April 2016 (UTC)

I have read through it and agree that it is ready to publish. My main contributions were additions to applications, history, and criticisms, along with some minor edits for readability. Alissa.gordon (talk) 20:58, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

I, too, believe that the article is ready to be assessed for publication. I have contacted Dr. Council regarding his approval. Andrew.lantz (talk) 06:28, 27 April 2016 (UTC)

I have acted upon the constructive criticism posted in the talk page. Now awaiting permission for article publication.

Andrew.lantz (talk)

The article has been successfully published. Well done, everyone! Andrew.lantz (talk)