User:EGuss/sandbox

Hello, My name is Elisabeth Guss and I enjoy spending time in nature! :)

Article evaluation

Özgür Dengiz was a serial killer whom murdered and ate his victims. All information on this topic was related back to the main idea which was Ozgur Dengiz and the crimes he committed.

• Nothing within the article distracted me but one area that could've been improved would be the early years. maybe research could be added speaking on behalf of his childhood and if any symptoms were seen that indicated something like this would occur form him.
• The overall tone of this article was very informative no bias was seen in the information provided
• Viewpoint that may have been underrepresented include the ones belonging to the victims, family and friends of Dengiz.
• The citations in the article do indeed work and they are not biased towards any particular viewpoints
• The document is rated C-Class and plenty discussion asks about the links and the credibly of these links. Some made statements saying that the article wasn't particularly clear and others stated that it needed to be updated more often due to the fact that the individual is still alive and the case is still progressing.

Breast Ironing

Article Evaluation

The article that I have chosen to do my Wiki- Project on is the topic of Breast Ironing. This is a practice occurring in parts of Africa which is seen to help "protect" young girls who develop earlier in areas such as the breast and butt from getting raped or sexually harassed. I will use the sources already provided from the page due to the widespread of information that it provides. I plan on adding to the wiki article the affect Breast Ironing has on the development of the young girls breast as well as the physiology behind it. I as well want to elaborate how often times its a secret kept between the mother and daughter and the father has little knowledge of it happening.

This topic is relevant to human rights because it discusses form of woman endangerment in order to avoid the male gaze. Young girls who have no control over their body are found to be mutilating it to avoid unwanted attention or advancements from man. Instead of teaching individuals about consent and respect they found solution in physically altering bodies of young girls. Research that I already found and found interesting was that the mother and daughter share a bond over this which continues the legacy of this inhumane act. Individuals who practice Breast Ironing view it as necessary and positive rather then in a negative light. The mother believes that she is helping and/or protecting her daughter, while the daughter views it as the same way and the two share a bond over it.

Citation / Resources

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5107360.stm

• https://web.archive.org/web/20100521013221/http://www.crin.org/violence/search/closeup.asp?infoID=9218

• http://www.ipsnews.net/2006/06/rights-cameroon-an-unwelcome-gift-of-god/

• https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/breast-ironing-girls-have-chests-flattened-out-to-disguise-the-onset-of-puberty-8842435.html
• RESOURCES
• Tapscott, Rebecca. "Understanding Breast "Ironing": A STUDY OF THE METHODS, MOTIVATIONS, AND OUTCOMES OF BREAST FLATTENING PRACTICES IN CAMEROON." May 14, 2012. http://fic.tufts.edu/assets/Understanding-breast-flattening.pdf.
• Sa'ah, Randy Joe. "Africa | Cameroon Girls Battle 'breast Ironing'." BBC News. June 23, 2006. Accessed October 12, 2018. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5107360.stm
• "Millions of Cameroon Girls Suffer "breast Ironing"." CRIN - Violence Study - Millions of Cameroon Girls Suffer "breast Ironing". Accessed October 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20100521013221/http://www.crin.org/violence/search/closeup.asp?infoID=9218.

UNDERSTANDING BREAST “IRONING”: A STUDY OF THE METHODS, MOTIVATIONS, AND OUTCOMES OF BREAST FLATTENING PRACTICES IN CAMEROON (Reflection)

The article chosen completely focuses on my topic of Breast ironing, the entire document discusses what it is, the impact of breast ironing, and even potential ways to end the practice. Yes, I want to add information regarding the affect it has on the girls and them developing as well as issues they may face in the future when it comes to the biology of young woman as well as on them sexually. I also want it discuss where this issue originated from, all of these topics are covered within my source. This article is from Feinstein International Center which is a private non profit organization that specializes in research and helping individuals in or at the risk of humanitarian crises's. Rather then writing an outline on the entire document I plan on writing it on the chapters that relate back to what I want to add onto the Wikipedia page of Breast Ironing.Yes the outline is posted in standard readable format in my sandbox.

• Origin of Breast Ironing(Pg 6)
  • Came from the ancient practice of Breast massaging. The reason for this practice was to correct uneven breast sizes through massages with warm objects or to help mother find relief when weaning or sore breast from breast feeding.
  • Cameroonians have changed the dynamic of this ancient practice meant from breastfeeding mothers and individuals with uneven breast sizes to altering the size of breast on young girls who develop at a younger age for their "safety".

• Impact of Breast Flattening on Sexual Function (Pg 15)
  • No research has been conducted on the topic regarding the long term affect of this practice, although a connection has been made to this practice and the fear of breastfeeding children in the future.
  • Men felt as if this practice negatively impacted their sexual relations with the woman, whereas women didn't necessarily feel as if it was an issue
  • Due to lack of medical research on the circumstance the only conclusions that can be made is that there is a permanent physical damaging and scaring to the women who endured Breast ironing, more of an appearance issue versus a biological one.

Breast Ironing

There are fears that the practice has spread to the Cameroonian diaspora, for example to Cameroonians in Britain. A charity, CAME (spell out) Women's and Girl's Development Organization is currently working with London's Metropolitan Police and social services departments to raise awareness regarding the problem.

History

Outline of New Contribution (Using information from my article outline as contribution, I'm also creating a new section highlighting that gives a background on the history)

The practice of Breast Ironing was derived from the ancient practice of breast massaging. Breast massaging was conducted to help perfect uneven breast sizes and help reduce the pain of nursing mothers through massaging of breast with warm objects. Cameroonians have altered the dynamic of this ancient practice meant from breastfeeding mothers and individuals with uneven breast sizes to altering the size of breast on young girls who develop at a younger age for the overall safety of the girl.

Health consequences[edit]

(Information already on Wikipedia)

Breast ironing is extremely painful and can cause tissue damage. There have been no medical studies on its effects. However, medical experts warn it might contribute toward breast cancer, cysts and depression, and perhaps interfere with breastfeeding later. Other possible side-effects reported by GIZ include breast infections, the formation of abscesses, malformed breasts and the eradication of one or both breasts. The practice ranges dramatically in its severity, from using heated leaves to press and massage the breasts, to using a scalding grinding stone to crush the budding gland. Due to the range of this activity, health consequences vary from benign to acute.

(My contribution listed below)

Considering the lack of medical research on the practice, the only conclusions that can be made is that there is (always? sometimes?) permanent physical damage and scaring to the women who endure breast ironing, more of an appearance issue versus a biological one (unclear). Stated by  Rebecca Tapscott, Breast Ironing causes side affects such as: " immediate delay or halting of breast growth; swelling, burning, irritation, pimples on the breasts, abscesses, fever, extreme pain; a long-term overgrowth of one or both breasts or failure for one or both breasts to grow; difficulty to breast-feed, scarring, and breast cancer." (only need to cite at end of sentence) Victims of breast ironing often experience first and second degree burns. Regarding sexual relations, men felt as if this practice negatively impacted their overall experience, whereas women didn't necessarily feel as if it was an issue when engaging in sexual activity. Aside from physical affects many also suffer from mental trauma after undergoing this tradition. Victims tend feel as if the procedure is "punishment" and often internalize blame and experience fear such as the fear of breastfeeding children in the future. Victims of breast ironing loose confidence and believe that they should not have breasts (expland).

Peer review: Timesha S.

• Overall I think your contribution is pretty good. I like that you included information about how this affects women and men in regards to sexual relations. I don't think it should be included in this same section though. It seems more of a personal consequence rather a health one. Your contribution isn't noticeably bias which is a plus. In reference to the last couple of sentences, make sure it's fact and not just your opinion. Grammatically there are only a couple things I noticed. The ' b' in breast ironing doesn't need to be capitalized (4th line), and there should be a comma after affects and change form to from ( 'Aside form physical affects...). All in all I really do think your contribution is good, and personally I really like the topic.

Peer Review: De'Mahj M.

1. Your topic is very interesting especially considering what we learned in class recently about Africa and its place before and after World War I.
2. You did a very good job at keeping things a neutral tone. There wasn't a persuasive tone and there was no bias in terms of the information you convey.
3. There are small grammatical errors that need a bit of fixing (the "b" in breast ironing does not need to be capitalized).
4. Also, I suggest that you rearrange your citation mark. When you're about to give your sources to justify what you say, put the citation mark at the end of the sentence. Other than that, you did a very good job with this article contribution.

Breast Ironing

There are fears that the practice has spread to the Cameroonian diaspora, for example to Cameroonians in Britain. A charity, CAME (spell out) Women's and Girl's Development Organization, is currently working with London's Metropolitan Police and social services departments to raise awareness regarding the problem.

History

Outline of New Contribution (Using information from my article outline as contribution, I'm also creating a new section highlighting that gives a background on the history)

The practice of Breast Ironing was derived from the ancient practice of breast massaging. Breast massaging was conducted to help perfect uneven breast sizes and help reduce the pain of nursing mothers through massaging of breast with warm objects. Cameroonians have altered the dynamic of this ancient practice meant from breastfeeding mothers and individuals with uneven breast sizes to altering the size of breast on young girls who develop at a younger age for the overall safety of the girl.

Health consequences[edit]

(Information already on Wikipedia)

Breast ironing is extremely painful and can cause tissue damage. There have been no medical studies on its effects. However, medical experts warn it might contribute to breast cancer, cysts and depression, and perhaps interfere with breastfeeding later. Other possible side-effects reported by GIZ (??) include breast infections, the formation of abscesses, malformed breasts, and the eradication (??) of one or both breasts. The practice ranges dramatically in its severity, from using heated leaves to press and massage the breasts, to using a scalding grinding stone to crush the budding gland. Due to the range of this activity, health consequences vary from benign to acute. Some accounts report of the delay of breast milk development upon giving birth according to Child Rights Information Network (CRIN) which puts the life of newborns ultimately at risk.

(My contribution listed below)

Impact of Breast Ironing on Sexual Function

Considering the lack of medical research on the circumstance the only conclusions that can be made (p.v.) is that there is a permanent physical damage and scarring to the women who endured breast ironing, more of an appearance issue versus a biological one. As noted by Rebecca Tapscott, breast ironing causes side effects such as: " immediate delay or halting of breast growth; swelling, burning, irritation, pimples on the breasts, abscesses, fever, extreme pain; a long-term overgrowth of one or both breasts or failure for one or both breasts to grow; difficulty to breast-feed, scarring, and breast cancer." (citation after end quotation marks). Victims of breast ironing often experience first and second degree burns. Regarding sexual relations, men felt as if this practice negatively impacted their overall experience, whereas women didn't necessarily feel as if it was an issue when engaging in sexual activity.

Impact of Breast Ironing on Victim's Mentality

Aside from physical effects, many also suffer from mental trauma after undergoing this tradition. Victims feel as if the procedure is "punishment" and often internalize blame and experience fear such as breastfeeding children in the future. Victims of breast ironing lose confidence and believe that they shouldn't have breast.