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The Yiddish alphabet[edit]
This table lists the Yiddish alphabet as described in the Uriel Weinreich English-Yiddish-English Dictionary (Weinreich 1968). The YIVO romanizations are taken from the same source, where they are presented as "sound equivalents". The romanizations indicated in Harkavy 1898 are included for comparison. The IPA transcriptions correspond to the examples provided by YIVO at http://yivo.org/about/index.php?tid=57&aid=275. The phonetic transcriptions are taken from Jacobs 2005.
| Symbol | YIVO Romanization | Harkavy Romanization | IPA Transcription | Phonetic Transcription | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| א | (none) | (none) | (none) | (none) | shtumer alef | Indicates that a syllable starts with a vocalic ו ,י, or digraph form of these letters. Neither pronounced nor transcribed. |
| אַ | a | a | a | a | pasekh alef | |
| אָ | o | o | ɔ | o | komets alef | |
| ב | b | b | b | b | beys | |
| בֿ | v | v | v | v | veys | Only used in words of Semitic origin. |
| ג | g | g | g | g | giml | |
| ד | d | d | d | d | daled | |
| ה | h | h | h | h | hey | |
| ו | u | u | ʊ | u | vov | |
| וּ | u | (none) | ʊ | u | melupm vov | Only used adjacent to ו or before י. |
| װ | v | v | v | v | tsvey vovn | |
| ױ | oy | oi | ɔj | oj | vov yud | |
| ז | z | z | z | z | zayen | |
| זש | zh | zh | ʒ | ž | zayen shin | |
| ח | kh | ch | x | x | khes | Only used in words of Semitic origin. |
| ט | t | t | t | t | tes | |
| י | y, i | y, i | j, i | j, i | yud | Consonantal [j] at the beginning of a syllable (except where preceded by א). Vocalic [i] otherwise. |
| יִ | i | (none) | i | i | khirik yud | Only used following a consonantal י or adjacent to another vowel. |
| ײ | ey | ei, ai | ɛj | ej | tsvey yudn | |
| ײַ | ay | (none) | aj | aj | pasekh tsvey yudn | |
| כּ | k | k | k | k | kof | Only used in words of Semitic origin. |
| כ | kh | ch | x | x | khof | |
| ך | kh | ch | x | x | lange khof | Final form. Only used at the end of a word. |
| ל | l | l | l, ʎ | l | lamed | |
| מ | m | m | m | m | mem | |
| ם | m | m | m | m | shlos mem | Final form. Only used at the end of a word. |
| נ | n | n | n | n | nun | |
| ן | n, m | n, m | n, ŋ, m | n, m | lange nun | Final form. Only used at the end of a word. |
| ס | s | s | s | s | samekh | |
| ע | e | e | ɛ | e | ayin | |
| פּ | p | p | p | p | pey | Has no separate final form. |
| פֿ | f | f | f | f | fey | |
| ף | f | f | f | f | lange fey | Final form. Only used at the end of a word. |
| צ | ts | tz | ts | c | tsadek | |
| ץ | ts | tz | ts | c | lange tsadek | Final form. Only used at the end of a word. |
| ק | k | k | k | k | kuf | |
| ר | r | r | ʀ | r | reysh | |
| ש | sh | sh | ʃ | š | shin | |
| שׂ | s | s | s | s | sin | Only used in words of Semitic origin. |
| תּ | t | t | t | t | tof | Only used in words of Semitic origin. |
| ת | s | s | s | s | sof | Only used in words of Semitic origin. |