User:Gazal world/Gujarati poetry
The Gujarati poetry is a poetry written in Gujarati language by Gujarati people.
History
[edit]The first glimpse of Gujarati poetry can be visible in the form of verse quoted by Jain poet Hemachandra (1088–1073) to illustrate grammatical rules of Apabhraṃśa language in the last chapter of his treatise Siddha Hema shabdanushasana. These verses represent floating as well as written poetry of the time and are mythological, religious, didactic, erotic as well as heroic in nature and indicate well-developed form of poetry. The period from 1150 to 1450 represents the old Gujarati literature. Most of the literature of this period was in verse. The main form of poetry of this period are Rasa an Fagu. Other well-known forms were Barmasi, Chhappaya, Vivahalu, Chhanda and Prabandha.[1]
Narsinh Mehta is considered one of the greatest poets of Gujarati language. He wrote autobiographical poems, long narrative poems, philosophical poems, and love poems dedicated to Hindu deity Krishna.[2] His philosophical poems present the Upanishadic concepts of God in simple form. Mahatma Gandhi made him popular outside Gujarat by incorporating his song Vaishnava Jana To in the bhajans which were sung in his prayers meetings.[3]
Modern Era
[edit]The British people of Bombay founded the Bombay Education Society on 29 January 1815, which later opened a school at Surat in 1817, and at Bharuch in 1820. These schools were responsible for introducing western education, and it played a key-role in the development of Modern Gujarati literature. It introduced western literary forms such as essay, novel, the subjective poetry of love and nature in Gujarati literature. In 1857, the University of Bombay was founded, which also helped to introduce modernity in Gujarati literature.[4]
Sudharak Yug (1845-1885) is also known by Narmad-Dalpat Yug (age).[5]
Dalpatram Dahyabhai Travadi, generally known by Dalpatram, has been described as a bridge between medieval and modern Gujarati poetry.[4] His poem Bapani Pinpal (The Pinpal Tree of Father) is considered to be the first shot of modern poetry in Gujarati on account of its departure from the traditional devotional poetry, its use of pure Gujarati language, and its theme of Nature.[6][7]
Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave, popularly known by his pen-name 'Narmad', is considered the Father of Modern Gujarati literature.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Lal, Mohan, ed. (2007) [1991]. Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Navaratri To Sarvasena. Vol. IV. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. pp. 3244–3247. ISBN 81-260-1003-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link) - ^ Babu Suthar (2004). Phyllis G. Jestice (ed.). Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 628. ISBN 978-1-57607-355-1.
- ^ Mehta, Chandrakant (1969). "Gujarati". In Santhanam, K. (ed.). An Anthology of Indian Literatures. Bombay: Gandhi Peace Foundation; Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 191–195. OCLC 330187.
- ^ a b George, K. M., ed. (1992). Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 120–122. ISBN 978-81-7201-324-0.
- ^ Sharmina Mawani; Anjoom A. Mukadam (2016). Perspectives of Female Researchers: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Gujarati Identities. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. p. 37. ISBN 978-3-8325-4124-8.
- ^ Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 134. ISBN 978-81-260-0365-5.
- ^ Translation Today. Vol. 3. Central Insitute of Indian Languages. 2006. p. 271.
- ^ Garg, Ganga Ram, ed. (1992). Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-81-7022-374-0.