User:Gioto/1693

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1693 Naples earthquake - 93000 people killed (need facts)[1] could not find on cfti4med

for ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1693_Sicily_earthquake )

Mention:

  • Earthquake
  • Tsunami
  • Volcanic eruption ( Mt AEtna)

possible refs[edit]

  • Lentini, F., Carbone, S., & Guarnieri, P. (2006). Collisional and postcollisional tectonics of the Apenninic-Maghrebian orogen (southern Italy). Special Papers. (409), 57-82.
  • Guidoboni E., G. Ferrari, D.Mariotti, A.Comastri, G.Tarabusi and G.Valensise 2007 - CFTI4Med, Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 B.C.-1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C.-1500). INGV-SGA. Available from http://storing.ingv.it/cfti4med/.

tsunamis[edit]

  • ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, Paper No. 465, Vol. 42, No. 4, December 2005, pp. 189-201 ASSESSING THE HAZARD RELATED TO TSUNAMIS OF TECTONIC ORIGIN: A HYBRID STATISTICAL-DETERMINISTIC METHOD APPLIED TO SOUTHERN ITALY COASTS - Page 192, There is one further important correction regarding the 11 January 1693 tsunamigenic earthquake that affected south-eastern Sicily. A very interesting debate is still going on regarding the correct position of the generic fault of this earthquake. Based on macroseismic data analysis and inversion, both C1 and CPTI041 put the epicentre of this earthquake inland, and favour source mechanisms involving large strike-slip components. The position and the focal mechanism are in contrast with the historical accounts on the effects of the tsunami that followed the earthquake, which were disastrous in a large portion of the eastern Sicily coast and were felt in large coastal portions facing the western Ionian Sea. To match the historical evidences on the tsunami, normal faulting along offshore structures parallel to eastern Sicily must be invoked (see, for example, Tinti et al., 2001). Several offshore faults have been mapped during different seismic surveys (e.g., Argnani and Bonazzi, 2002), while no direct evidence exists for inland faulting. For these reasons, we chose to move the epicentre of the 11 January 1693 earthquake offshore, namely at 15.39°E, 37.27°N.
  • Solovʹev, Sergeĭ Leonidovich (2000). Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea, 2000 B.C.-2000 A.D. Springer. p. 54. ISBN 0792365488. 


Page 54

1693, January 11, 21h.CA.



  Calabrian Arc, Island of Sicily, the eastern shore. At 04h on January 9, 



Sicily was enveloped by a strong earthquake preceded by a boom causing panic 
also on Lipari Islands. Sailors in one of the boats sailing near the Island of 
Malta reported that the sea suddenly became rough (stormy) without any 
reason. The seismic process reached its colmination on January 11 when a 
catastrophic earthquake, together with fires that originated, casued damage to 
60 towns and villages; according to chronicles, 60,000 inhabitants were killed 
(from other data, 93,000).



  Aftershocks continued till May. A tsunami was observed on the shore from 



Messina to Syracuse. At first, the sea receded from the coast in Messina, 
Catania, Augusta, Syracuse and in other places. In Augusta, sailors of serveral 
two - mast galleys, who went on shore, saw the water under the keels of their 
ships disappear. Then, the ships were suddenly throw toward the coast by the 
powerful roller when the water returned. After this first movement of water a 
second one was observed; the sea receded by 25 - 30 yards and then returned 
having risen 2.5 m above its usual level. In Mascali, the sea receded from the 
coast and subsequently flooded the dry land over a distance of more than a 
mile; in Taormina the sea receded for a mile; in Catania the sea came to the 
S. Filippo square and flooded farmsteads and buildings in suburbs of the city.

Page 55

The ground in the harbour of Messina was uncovered; fish were left at the sea -
front after the tsunami. In Syracuse, the sea receded from the coast three times 
and each time, on returning, it flooded the shore 50 yards father than the usual 
surf line. No fish were caught for 15 days and nights after the earthquake. In 
Lentini, the sea "swelled" receding from the coast and after that violently 
returned onto the coast. In Naso, the stormy sea flooded the dry land 
[Mongitore, 1743; Baratta, 1901; Ann. Bible., 1964, No. 76; Caputo and Faita, 
1984].



 CF82, 37|10N, 15|01E, I=X, i=3 - 4;S89,90:i max=3-4,R.




List of Towns (source 1)[edit]



From page 801 (figure 2: The main cities and towns destroyed by the earthquake)



Heavily destroyed[edit]



Heavily destroyed and have changed their town site[edit]



Other Cities (Sicily)[edit]


  • 20 Messina
    • 

  • 21 Palermo


Other Cities (Main land Italy)[edit]



Other Cities (Other Countries)[edit]


  • 23 Malta


List of Towns (source 2)[edit]



List of Towns[edit]






Catania Only[edit]



Source (3)[edit]


Source already in the article:



  • Rodríguez de la Torre, Fernando (1995). "Spanish sources concerning the 1693 earthquake in Sicily". Annali di Geofisica 38 (5-6): 523–539


  • Mentions on page 526: Section 6. The victims

    • list reliable sources on towns & deaths


Source (4)[edit]


http://www.archive.org/stream/philtrans06207627/06207627#page/n7/mode/2up

table of towns and number of deaths









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