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The Most Reverend Cornelius Denvir D.D. (1791–1865) was an Irish Roman Catholic Prelate, mathematician, natural philosopher and former Lord Bishop of Down and Connor. He is noted for ministering in Belfast amidst growing sectarian tension, taking a moderate and non-confrontational stance, to the annoyance of his pro-Catholic followers.^[1] He was also a professor at Maynooth College as well as Down and Connor Diocesan College, and was active in the local scientific community.

Early Life

Cornelius Denvir was born on August 13, 1791 in Ballywalter, County Down. He was educated at Dr. Nelsons classical school in Downpatrick, and was described by peers as an enthusiastic child with a love for sight-seeing. According one biographer, young Denvir also showed interest in the Catechism by attending local visits from the diocesan Dr. Patrick MacMullun.^[2] In September of 1808, Denvir enrolled at Maynooth College, and was appointed chair of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics there in August of 1813.

Denvir was ordained first as a deacon in June of the 1813, then as a priest in May of 1814, performing his liturgical duties in conjunction with his academic ones. In 1826, Denvir left Maynooth College to become the Parish Priest of Downpatrick.^[2] He later became a professor at the newly founded Down and Connor Diocesan College in Belfast in 1833, teaching classes in Latin, Greek and Mathematics. He continued his duties as parish priest and professor until 1835, when he was appointed 22nd Lord Bishop of Down and Connor to succeed Dr. William Crolly.^[2]

Career

Bishop of Down and Connor

As 22nd Lord Bishop of Down and Connor, Dr. Denvir is noted for emphasizing the teaching of the Catechism to youth as well as emphasizing the importance of scripture to the diocese^[2]^[3]. In 1841 he helped fund the construction of St Malachy's Church in Belfast, which was completed in 1845^[2]^[3]. In his later years, Denvir fell under criticism by other Belfast Catholics, who claimed Denvir was neglecting of duties, especially those relating to expanding and defending Catholicism in the face of growing protestant influence. Some accounts attribute Denvir's shortcomings to poor health and temperament,^[3] while others suggest that Denvir backed away from expansion to avoid conflict with protestant groups.^[1]^[2]^[4]

Denvir also suffered from personal finance problems during his time as Bishop. The construction of St Malachy's Church put him into deep personal debt, which he was apparently arrested for some time after 1844. Denvir was also criticized for selling seats in the newly constructed church to offset costs. He was also said to be reluctant to ask for funds from perishers, severely limiting his resources with which to care for the church.^[2]

After years of illness compounded by age, Dr. Denvir was assigned Dr. Patrick Dorian as a coadjutor in 1860 to carry out his duties.^[2]^[1] In May 1865, Denvir resigned as Bishop completely and was succeeded by Dorian^[2]. Denvir died one year later on July 10th,1866, after reportively suffering from fainting fits a few days prior. He was buried in Ballycruttle Chapel, where he remains to this day.^[2]

Commissioner of National Education

Denvir was appointed Commissioner of National Education in 1853. He is noted for being supportive of non-denominational education and investigating reports of proselytism in public primary education. He later resigned this position in 1857 on request of the Holy See in order to focus on expanding the local Catholic school system.^[3]

Professor and Scientist

As chair of mathematics and natural philosophy at Maynooth, Denvir is noted for changing the style of education at he college away from pure logic-based reasoning in Mathematics to a more holistic and topical approach. He is also noted for emphasizing experimentation and the scientific method in teaching natural philosophy, with several sources noting his well-stocked labs.^[5]

Other roles

Aside from his duties as a professor, Denvir owned a large galvanized battery, which he loaned out for experimentation and public spectacle. He was also active in the local scientific community, becoming a member of the Natural History and Philosophical Society and the Chemico-Agricultural society of Ulster. One notable feature about Denvir's scientific activity is that it led him to meet frequently with other ministers from different denominations, an irregularity at the time.^[4]

Legacy

While at Maynooth College Denvir taught both Nicholas Callan, the inventor and physicist, and Dominic Corrigan, the noted Irish physician.^[6] ^[7] According to several accounts, both spoke fondly of their old professor, to the point of Callan gifting Denvir one of his induction coils in remembrance.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Connolly, S.J. (2012). "Like an old cathedral city: Belfast welcomes Queen Victoria, August 1849". Urban History. 39, 4: 588. doi:10.1017/S0963926812000375.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j O'Laverty, James (1895). The Bishops of Down and Connor, Being the Fifth Volume of An Historical Account of Down and Connor, Ancient and Modern. Dublin: James Duffy & co. pp. 595–608.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Doyle, Mark. Fighting Like The Devil For The Sake Of God: Protestants, Catholics, And The Origins Of Violence In Belfast, 1850-1865. Aug 2006.
^ ^a ^b Finnegan, Diarmid; Wright, Jonathan (June 2015). "Catholics, science, and civic culture in Victorian Belfast". BJHS. 48(2).
^ Silke, JJ (1987). "Cornelius Denvir and the 'Spirit of Fear'". Irish Theological Quarterly. 53–2: 130–143.
^ [1] Reville, William. Nicholas Callan: Priest Scientist at Maynooth. University College, Cork. The Irish Times, February 21, 2002. May 07, 2008.
^ Conscience and Conflict, A BIOGRAPHY OF SIR DOMINIC CORRIGAN(1802-1880) by Eoin O'Brien (THE GLENDALE PRESS, DUBLIN)
^ Casey, Michael (1982). "Nicholas Callan-priest, professor, and scientist". Physics Education. 17: 224.