User:HistoryofIran/Amr ibn al-Layth
| Amr ibn al-Layth عمرو لیث صفاری | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Amir of the Saffarid dynasty | |
| Reign | June 879 – 901 |
| Predecessor | Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar |
| Successor | Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr |
| Born | Zarang, Sistan, Abbasid Caliphate |
| Died | 20 April 902 Baghdad |
| House | Saffarid |
| Father | Layth |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Amr ibn al-Layth or Amr-i Laith Saffari (Persian: عمرو لیث صفاری) was the second amir of the Saffarid dynasty from 879 to 901. He was the son of a whitesmith and the younger brother of the dynasty's founder, Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar.
Biography[edit]
Amr and his elder brother Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar were born in Karnin, a district of the city of Zarang, which was situated in Sistan (early Arabic Sijistan), a region in eastern Iran.[1][2][a] The region was then part of the Abbasid Caliphate, located on its eastern edge.[4] Tensions had been growing the region since the pre-Abbasid times, under the Umayyad Caliphate.[5] Arab settlers and the native Iranian population disliked each other, which led to the increasing support of the sectarian Kharijites by the latter.[6][7] In order to combat the Kharijites, the governors and local groups assembled vigilante bands, such as the ayyar and mutatawwi. These groups of people, infuriated at failure of the Tahirid governors to protect Sistan from Kharijite attacks, had in 861 established their rule over the whole region.[6][5][7]
Reign[edit]
After the Saffarid plan to attack Baghdad had been disrupted by an Abbasid victory at the Battle of Dayr al-Aqul in 8 April 876, Amr left Sistan and rejoined his Ya'qub in Jundishapur. They remained together until Ya'qub's death by illness in 879. A brief dynastic struggle subsequently ensured between Amr and his brother Ali, with the former emerging victorious due to support by the military officers. Ali was imprisoned.[8]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Le Strange 1905, p. 343.
- ^ Bosworth 1965, pp. 681–682.
- ^ Bosworth 1965, p. 681.
- ^ Bosworth 1965.
- ^ a b Kennedy 2004, p. 175.
- ^ a b Bosworth 1965, pp. 683. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTEBosworth1965683" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b Bosworth 2011.
- ^ https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/amr-b-al-layth-COM_0277
Sources[edit]
- Bosworth, C.E. (1965). "Sīstān". In Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume II: C–G. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 2–2. OCLC 495469475.
- Bosworth, C. E. (2011). "Sistān". Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition. New York.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Kennedy, Hugh (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century (Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-40525-7.
- Le Strange, Guy (1905). The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. OCLC 1044046.
- ^ Bosworth 1965, p. 682.
- ^ Bosworth 2011.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).