User:Itskelvs/sandbox

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Physical Therapy[edit]

Though physical therapy remedies have been scarcely documented, some therapeutic exercises are used to help manage lower back, neck, knee, and shoulder pain. Some therapeutic exercises include: [1]

An example of a hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique used to strengthen the hamstrings. The hamstring is put into passive stretch followed by hip extension to push against the therapist for 10 seconds.

Low intensity aerobic exercises have shown to have profound positive effects regarding pulmonary function, quality of life, and functional capacity. [2]

A TENS unit is effective in diminishing the pain sensation from AS by inputting millions of electrical impulses to override the painful stimuli [3] [4]

Spa treatments utilizing thermal baths coupled with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF) have shown a long-term improvement in AS patients. [5] Spa treatments coupled with TNF inhibitors have no disease relapse among AS patients. [6]

PNF technique is sometimes used to retrain and re-educate muscles in AS patients to prevent faulty movement patterns. [7] The PNF technique may be effective to optimize motor abilities because it encourages the neuromuscular mechanism through stimulation of the proprioceptors. [8] Two types of PNF techniques are: [9]

  • Hold-relax (used on more symptomatic areas)
  • Contract-relax (used on less stimulating areas)
  1. ^ Philadelphia Panel (2001) Philadelphia Panel evidence- based clinical practice guidelines on selected rehabilitation 236 International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2012; 15: 229–238 interventions: overview and methodology. Phys Ther 81, 1629–40. Print
  2. ^ Ortancil O, Sarikaya S, Sapmaz P, Basaran A, Ozdolap S (2009) The effect(s) of a 6-week home-based exercise program on the respiratory muscle and functional status in ankylosing spondylitis. J Clin Rheumatol 15, 68–70. Print
  3. ^ Philadelphia Panel (2001) Philadelphia Panel evidence- based clinical practice guidelines on selected rehabilitation 236 International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2012; 15: 229–238 interventions: overview and methodology. Phys Ther 81, 1629–40. Print
  4. ^ Tyson, S., Sadeghi-Demneh, E., & Nester, C. (2013). The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on strength, proprioception, balance and mobility in people with stroke: a randomized controlled cross-over trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 27(9), 785-791. doi:10.1177/0269215513478227
  5. ^ Ciprian, Luca, Alessandro Lo Nigro, Michela Rizzo, Alessandra Gava, Roberta Ramonda, Leonardo Punzi, and Franco Cozzi. "The Effects of Combined Spa Therapy and Rehabilitation on Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Being Treated with TNF Inhibitors." Rheumatology International 33.1 (2013): 241-45. Print.
  6. ^ Ciprian, Luca, Alessandro Lo Nigro, Michela Rizzo, Alessandra Gava, Roberta Ramonda, Leonardo Punzi, and Franco Cozzi. "The Effects of Combined Spa Therapy and Rehabilitation on Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Being Treated with TNF Inhibitors." Rheumatology International 33.1 (2013): 241-45. Print.
  7. ^ Henderson, S. (2003). Rehabilitation techniques in ankylosing spondylitis management: a case report. Journal Of The Canadian Chiropractic Association, 47(3), 161-167. Print
  8. ^ Westwater-Wood, S., Adams, N., & Kerry, R. (2010). The use of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in physiotherapy practice. Physical Therapy Reviews, 15(1), 23-28. doi:10.1179/174328810X12647087218677
  9. ^ Henderson, S. (2003). Rehabilitation techniques in ankylosing spondylitis management: a case report. Journal Of The Canadian Chiropractic Association, 47(3), 161-167. Print
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