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Frieda Nugel Article Outline
Frieda Nugel | |
|---|---|
| Born | June 18, 1884 Cottbus, Germany |
| Died | November 6, 1966 (aged 82) Bad Godesburg, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Mathematics |
Split into early life and career
Frieda Nugel (1884–1966) was a German mathematician and civil rights activist, one of the first German women to earn a doctorate in mathematics.[1][2] She earned her PhD at Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg in 1912, under the supervision of August Gutzmer.[1][3]
Early Life[edit]
Nugel was the fourth of six children of a musician, Friedrich Arthur Nugel. She was born on June 18, 1884, in Cottbus. She studied at the Mädchen-Mittelschule there until 1901, then began studies at the Höhere Mädchenschule until 1906. Shortly after, she completed the state teaching examination in Berlin. She worked as a private tutor for the Von Werdecks back in Cottbus, before taking the final level of German mathematics exams under the tutelage of Rudolf Tiemannn. [2]
Career[edit]
In 1906 she became certified as a teacher, and began working as a private instructor for the Werdeck family near Cottbus. After passing her exams at the Luisenstädtische Oberschule, she started university studies in Berlin in 1907, moved to Munich in 1909, and moved again to Halle in the same year.each of these moves can be their own paragraph (or at least sentence[1][2]
She took a position as a teacher at a girls' school in Cottbus, but taught there only for two years, until her marriage to Louis Hahn in 1914. The first of their four children was born in 1915. She moved with her husband to Altena and then Emden, her husband's home town, where he worked at his family's newspaper business. She taught intermittently at two schools there from 1914 to 1918, during World War I, but from then until 1927 she taught only privately, also publishing works promoting civil rights and better education for women.[1][2]
In 1927, after the collapse of her husband's newspaper business, Nugel obtained a part-time position at a school in Emden. By 1930 her position there had become permanent, albeit at a smaller salary than the men in her school.[find citation?] During World War II, the city of Emden was bombed and the school moved to Bad Wildungen; her two sons served as officers in the war, and were both killed in 1944.[1][2] Moves to Bad Godesburg Nugel retired in 1945. In 1962, the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at Halle gave her a "Golden Doctoral Diploma" award, on the 50th anniversary of her 1912 dissertation. She died on November 6, 1966 in Bad Godesburg.[1][2]
Selected works[edit]
- Die deutsche Hausfrau und der Krieg (1916)[2]
- Frauenbewegung und Kinderemanzipation (1919)[2]
- Die Frau in der Gemeindeverwaltung (1921)[2]
- Staat und Stadt Hamburg: Die dreijährige Grundschule vom Standpunkt der Mutter (1925)[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f Donner, H. (July 17, 1998), "Frieda Nugel (1884-1966)", Virtuelles Museum zur Geschichte der Mathematik in Wittenberg und Halle (in German), Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Frieda Nugel", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- ^ JKimura85/sandbox at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Category:1884 births
Category:1966 deaths
Category:German mathematicians
Category:Women mathematicians