User:Jacob9669/Krásné Březno
{{Infobox - české sídlo}}Krásné Březno (german Schönpriesen or [Prießnitz] is a part of statutary and regional city Ústí nad Labem in Czech Republic, along with Neštěmice and Mojžíř creates city district Ústí nad Labem-Neštěmice. The city is located about three kilometres northeast of the city center on the left bank of the Elbe river. In 2011 there were 13 294 inhabitants.
History[edit]
Ancient history and Middle Ages[edit]
The first written mention of the village dates back to 1057, when the place was called campus Bresnik, i.e. the Březník camp, and belonged to the Bílina region.
In the middle of the 12th century the territory of Krásný Březno belonged to the Svádov manor. The original name of Březnice is documented in references to the village from 1186 and 1188, when the settlement belonged to the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem. In 1335, it was acquired as a pledge and further into the possession of the landowners from Kyc, who built a fortress there, which was acquired by the Knights of Bron in 1405. In 1415 it was part of the estate of the castle of Svadov.
The Thirty Years' War and the Modern Age[edit]
Rudolf of Bünau, alias Bynov (1547-1622), the builder of the castle with a Lutheran church and the owner of the Blansko and Weissenstein estates, was a key figure of the Reformation era. The builder was Hans Bog from Pirna, the decoration was done by Konrad Seifert and Tobias Lindner.
Between 1628 and 1645 the estate was held by the Thuns of Děčín, after them the Althanns. In 1750 Count from Cavriani had a new castle built, but in 1754 he sold the estate, which was in debt, at auction to Count Jan of Hartig, who held it until 1795. In 1788 the village was annexed to Žežice. Other owners changed quickly: Jan Josef Count of Stiebar na Buttenheim, 1810-1811 nobleman Anton von Zürschauer, 1811-1865 Count Ledebour-Wicheln, 1865-1879 Wilhelm Ruß, 1879-1911 Count Jindřich Kolovrat-Krakovský of Novohrad and finally in 1911-1945 the free lord Skrbenský of Hříště.
From the last quarter of the 19th century the locality prospered, the population increased fivefold thanks to industry (distillery, brewery, sugar refinery and W. Herrmann's chemical factory), shipping (cargo port) and sailors floating timber down the Elbe. In addition to the predominantly German population, there was a significant Czech minority, which in 1896 managed to push for the establishment of the first Czech school (Matiční Street).
World War II[edit]
The eviction of the Czech population in 1939 was followed by the occupation of the village by the German Wehrmacht. The castle was the seat of the Wehrwolf training centre. The bombing of the village in 1944-1945 led to the destruction of many houses and pauperization, and the original structure of the village could not be restored. On 31 July 1945, the local ammunition depot exploded, killing 27 people and blowing up the depot and the chemical factory buildings. The explosion was interpreted as sabotage by the Sudeten Germans and became the signal for the so-called Ústí Massacre, the shooting of three groups of Sudeten Germans ready for deportation.
Name origin[edit]
In 1876, at the suggestion of Viktor Rusz, the existing Czech name of Březnice, i.e. Prießnitz in German, was changed to Krásné Březno, i.e. Schönpriesen. The current name Krásné Březno was officially introduced only in 1876. In 1900 the village joined the town of Ústí nad Labem.
Administrative division[edit]
- Krásné Březno – Nový Svět
- Krásné Březno – Pod vyhlídkou
- Krásné Březno – průmyslový obvod
- Krásné Březno – Přístavní
- Krásné Březno – západ
- Nad zoologickou zahradou
Population growth[edit]
| Year | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1930 | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 756 | 1 179 | 3 658 | 5 795 | 5 807 | – | 4 902 | – | 3 160 | 2 868 | 4 114 | 14 769 | 14 294 | 13 294 |
| Number of houses | 86 | 110 | 202 | 313 | 330 | 337 | 371 | – | – | 348 | 419 | 522 | 454 | 527 |
Characteristics[edit]
In addition to the historical core, Krásné Březno has a large settlement with approximately 15,000 inhabitants. Among the inhabitants there is a significant representation of Gypsies. The housing estate has problems of poor coexistence, petty street crime, a high number of drug users and a concentration of problem businesses - non-stop gambling halls, the infamous "gypsy" disco and a hostel. Gypsies from other parts of the country also come to the housing estate. The socially excluded locality of Nový svět is adjacent to the river, and Matiční Street is located there.
Significant places[edit]
- cadastral office Ústí nad Labem
- EUC clinic
- Ústí nad Labem Zoo
- former brewery Krásné Březno, where Zlatopramen beer was brewed
- the KB distillery and liquor store, where the Klášterní tajemství liqueur and Stará myslivecká liquor have been produced since 1897,today the U Zeleného stromu distillery a.s.
- numerous restaurants
Sightseeing[edit]
- four-winged Renaissance chateau Krásné Březno with four corner towers, built by Rudolf of Bünau (1547-1622), son of Henry the Elder of Bünau, lord of Weesenstein and Blansko; the family of Lutheran religion left Bohemia after White Mountain, the estate was acquired by the Althanns in 1650-1669, after whom Count Cavriani rebuilt the façade in Baroque style in 1730 to its present form. The Hartigs, Ledebours and Kolowrats-Krakovskis also took over the estate. After the general reconstruction, the building became the seat of the National Heritage Institute, a territorial department in Ústí nad Labem.
- St. Florian's Church, originally the chateau chapel of the Virgin Mary from 1597-1606, a unique monument of the Saxon Renaissance preserved intact without changes (net vaults, emporiums, alabaster altar). The chapel served as a parish church until 1897 and is a national cultural monument. In front of the entrance to the church there are Baroque statues of Christ the Sorrowful (Ecce Homo) and St. John of Nepomuk from the second quarter of the 18th century, in the small cemetery next to the church there is a remarkable tomb of the owners of the Kolowart-Krakovsky estate from the second quarter of the 19th century.
- Wolfrum family tree, relief from 1881
List of schools[edit]
- Základní škola a Základní umělecká škola Ústí nad Labem, Husova 349/19
- Základní škola Ústí nad Labem, Anežky České 702/17
- Soukromá Základní škola Molekula
- Základní škola Ústí nad Labem, Neštěmická 787/38
- Střední průmyslová škola stavební a Střední odborná škola stavební a technická
- Střední škola obchodu, řemesel, služeb
Transport[edit]
The village became very important in 1851 with the connection to the railway line Dresden-Prague, today the railway station Ústí nad Labem-North (next to the public transport stop Krásné Březno, to which 1. máje Street leads) and the underpass from Svádovská Street. Direct trains run to Děčín, Teplice, Bílina, Most, Chomutov, some to Lovosice and Roudnice nad Labem. Fast trains and EC trains pass through the station. The village is connected with the city centre by trolleybus lines 70, 71, 76, 88 and bus line 75 (final stop Pod Vyhlídkou) with the districts of Severní Terasa, Bukov and Všebořice. The main first-class exit road E 442 to Děčín runs through Drážďanská street and Pekařská Street.
Links[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2005 (I. díl) (PDF). Český statistický úřad. pp. 418–419. ISBN 80-250-1310-3.
- ^ Statistický lexikon obcí České republiky 2013 (PDF). Český statistický úřad. p. 321. ISBN 978-80-250-2394-5.
Literature[edit]
- Hrady, zámky a tvrze v Čechách, na Moravě a ve Slezsku: Severní Čechy. Vol. III. Nakladatelství Svoboda. pp. 235–236.
External links[edit]
[[Category:Populated places on the Elbe]] [[Category:Articles with NKC identifiers]] [[Category:City districts]]