User:Jedibeatnik/sandbox

Jedibeatnik/sandbox
	; Clockwise from top: Battle of Gettysburg, Union Captain John Tidball's artillery, Confederate prisoners, ironclad USS Atlanta, ruins of Richmond, Virginia, Battle of Franklin
Date	April 12, 1861 – May 9, 1865 (by proclamation); (4 years, 3 weeks and 6 days); (Last shot fired June 22, 1865)
Location	Southern United States, Northeastern United States, Western United States, Atlantic Ocean
Result	Union victory Dissolution of the Confederate States; U.S. territorial integrity preserved; Slavery abolished; Beginning of the Reconstruction Era;
Belligerents
United States	Confederate States
Commanders and leaders
Abraham Lincoln ; Ulysses S. Grant ; William T. Sherman ; David Farragut ; George B. McClellan ; Henry Halleck ; George Meade ; and others	Jefferson Davis ; Robert E. Lee ; J. E. Johnston ; G. T. Beauregard ; A. S. Johnston †; Braxton Bragg ; and others
Strength
2,200,000: Union Army; Union Marines; Union Navy; Revenue Service; 698,000 (peak)[better source needed]	750,000–1,000,000: Confederate army; Confederate marines; Confederate navy; 360,000 (peak)
Casualties and losses
110,000+ killed in action/died of wounds; 230,000+ accident/disease deaths; 25,000–30,000 died in Confederate prisons 365,000+ total dead 282,000+ wounded; 181,193 captured; [better source needed] Total: 828,000+ casualties	94,000+ killed in action/died of wounds; 26,000–31,000 died in Union prisons 290,000+ total dead; 137,000+ wounded; 436,658 captured; [better source needed] Total: 864,000+ casualties
	50,000 free civilians dead; 80,000+ slaves dead; Total: 785,000–1,000,000+ dead

alternate history stuff is pretty stupid

^ "The Belligerent Rights of the Rebels at an End. All Nations Warned Against Harboring Their Privateers. If They Do Their Ships Will be Excluded from Our Ports. Restoration of Law in the State of Virginia. The Machinery of Government to be Put in Motion There". The New York Times. Associated Press. May 10, 1865. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Facts". National Park Service.
^ "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War": Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army.
^ Long, E. B. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. OCLC 68283123. p. 705.
^ "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.; Series 4 – Volume 2", United States. War Dept 1900.
^ ^a ^b ^c Fox, William F. Regimental losses in the American Civil War (1889)
^ ^a ^b ^c Official DOD data Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ Chambers & Anderson 1999, p. 849.
^ 211,411 Union soldiers were captured, and 30,218 died in prison. The ones who died have been excluded to prevent double-counting of casualties.
^ 462,634 Confederate soldiers were captured and 25,976 died in prison. The ones who died have been excluded to prevent double-counting of casualties.
^ Cite error: The named reference StatsWarCost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Professor James Downs. "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". University of Connecticut, April 13th 2012. "The rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." 60,000 documented plus 'tens of thousands' undocumented gives a minimum of 80,000 slave deaths.
^ Recounting the dead, Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "estimates, based on Census data, indicate that the [military] death toll was approximately 750,000, and may have been as high as 850,000"
^ Professor James Downs. "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13th 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, "New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll," reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ..."

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[NYT_JD_Cap-1] "The Belligerent Rights of the Rebels at an End. All Nations Warned Against Harboring Their Privateers. If They Do Their Ships Will be Excluded from Our Ports. Restoration of Law in the State of Virginia. The Machinery of Government to be Put in Motion There". The New York Times. Associated Press. May 10, 1865. Retrieved December 23, 2013.

[nps.gov-3] "Facts". National Park Service.

[4] "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War": Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army.

[5] Long, E. B. The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1971. OCLC 68283123. p. 705.

[6] "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies.; Series 4 – Volume 2", United States. War Dept 1900.

[civilwarhome.com-7] Fox, William F. Regimental losses in the American Civil War (1889)

[Official_DOD_data-8] Official DOD data Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

[FOOTNOTEChambersAnderson1999849-9] Chambers & Anderson 1999, p. 849.

[10] 211,411 Union soldiers were captured, and 30,218 died in prison. The ones who died have been excluded to prevent double-counting of casualties.

[11] 462,634 Confederate soldiers were captured and 25,976 died in prison. The ones who died have been excluded to prevent double-counting of casualties.

[StatsWarCost-12] Cite error: The named reference StatsWarCost was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[13] Professor James Downs. "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". University of Connecticut, April 13th 2012. "The rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." 60,000 documented plus 'tens of thousands' undocumented gives a minimum of 80,000 slave deaths.

[14] Recounting the dead, Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "estimates, based on Census data, indicate that the [military] death toll was approximately 750,000, and may have been as high as 850,000"

[15] Professor James Downs. "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13th 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, "New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll," reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ..."

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