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The Shabaka Stone, sometimes Shabaqo, is a relic from the Nubian Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt incised with an Egyptian religious text.^[1] It is a composition of breccia measuring 91 cm on the left in height and 95 cm on the right as well as 137 cm in width.^[2] The text claims to contain the surviving content of a worm-ridden, decaying papyrus that was found as pharaoh Shabaka was inspecting the temple of Ptah in Memphis, Egypt. In later years, the stone is believed to have been used as a millstone damaging the hieroglyphics. This damage is accompanied by other intentional defacement's leaving the hieroglyphics in poor condition.

Since this stone was meant to be a preservation of an older text, the question regarding the timing of the original work has been sought after. Attempts to attribute a definite time for the original text has been inconclusive. Some scholars claimed it went back to the Old Kingdom with others saying it went back even further. Scholars today feel it is clear that it cannot predate the Nineteenth Dynasty.^[3]

Content

The text includes two main divisions with a short introduction and an ending summary. The first division relates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Ptah works through Horus to accomplish this unification. The other is a creation story that establishes Ptah as the creator god of all things including gods. It is also learned that Ptah centers in all things, thus making him the center of existence. The manner of creation came by Ptah's thoughts in his heart that were then uttered by his tongue. This creation story is sometimes referred to as a Memphite Theology.

References

^ The Shabako Stone, British Museum
^ The Shabako Stone: An Introduction, p. 6-8. BYU Studia Antiqua
^ Van De Mierroop, Marc (2011). A history of Ancient Egypt. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. p. 303. ISBN 978-1-4051-6070-4

External links

The Shabaka Stone, translation from An introduction to the history and culture of Pharaonic Egypt

Category:Ancient Egyptian stelas Category:Stones Category:8th-century BC works Category:8th-century BC steles Category:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt Category:Ancient Egyptian objects in the British Museum

[1] The Shabako Stone, British Museum

[2] The Shabako Stone: An Introduction, p. 6-8. BYU Studia Antiqua

[3] Van De Mierroop, Marc (2011). A history of Ancient Egypt. Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing. p. 303. ISBN 978-1-4051-6070-4

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