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Great alnager of Ireland

Quotes

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Information derived from "An Account of Ireland, in 1773.":[1]

Alnage Duties were established by the 17 & 18 Charles 2, for regulating and maintaining the trade and mystery of making woollen cloth, and for the better ascertaining the length, breadth, and weight of all cloths to be made in Ireland.

An Alnage office was created, the principal officer of which was called the King's Alnager, and was appointed from time to time by Letters Patent under the Great Seal for years or for life, as the King thought fit.

The Alnager, by himself or deputy, was to measure, weigh, and search all woollen cloths, both old and new drapery, made in Ireland, before they were offered for sale, or embarked, to see whether they were of the breadth, length, and weight prescribed by the Act.

If the Alnager found the cloth to be merchantable goods, and lawfully made, he was to seal them with a seal or mark, to be allowed by the treasurer, or Chancellor of the Exchequer. And he was to take and receive to His Majesty's use, 4 d. for every broad cloth by way of subsidy, and 1⁄2 d. for his own fee for sealing, and so rateablv for all old drapery.

For every piece of, say, serge, stuff, knit stockings, and all new drapery, he was to receive for every 4lbs. weight, for the subsidy of the same, one farthing, and for his own fee one farthing.

For measuring or weighing any broad cloth, and other drapery, containing in length 23, and from 23 to 25 yards, the Alnager's fee was 2 s., and so rateably, according to the number of yards which it might contain.

These duties of Alnage had been introduced in Ireland in the reign of King James I., but were little attended to till after the Restoration, when they were re-established by the above-mentioned Act. Very soon after it was passed, the Crown alienated the whole revenue arising from the Alnage for 61 years, at a rent of 10 l. per annum; and by successive alienations it was since continued in private hands, without even the small reserved rent of 10 l. being accounted for, either to the Crown or to Parliament.

Two circumstances are worthy of notice relative to the Alnage. One is, that it is the only part of the Hereditary Revenue, where the whole duty came to the Crown without deduction, the officer's fee being always paid by the subject. The other is, that the alienation (undisputed for above 100 years), proved incontestably the authority of the Crown over all parts of the Hereditary Revenue, which were not specially guarded against alienation by positive Act of Parliament.

The amount of the Alnage duties being known only to the parties who carefully kept the secret, cannot be given.

George Augustine Thomas O'Brien:[2]

To encourage the woollen manufacture was one of Ormond's great ambitions, and, with this end in view, he succeeded in getting passed an Act, which, after reciting that the credit of Irish woollen cloth was impaired abroad by the false and uncertain making thereof, provided that all old and new drapery should be made of specified dimensions, and that an alnage office and alnager should be appointed to regulate the inspection and sealing of the cloth.[2) 17&18 Car.2 c.15] This Act was not a success. In 1666 Sir George Rawdon referred to "the alnage business which has made such a disturbance in this and other markets by seizing every piece of cloth and woollen stuff, by the corruption and knavery of those that form it. ... These projects are not the way to increase but to hinder our little trade."[3) CSPIre 1666-9 p.5] It does not even seem to have succeeded in reforming the abuse at which it was originally aimed; in 1682 there were still complaints of "the abuses in our worsted manufacture by which their value and credit are impaired."[4) Lawrence, The Interest of Ireland in its Trade and Wealth Stated, Dublin, 1682] In 1695 a petition was presented to the House of Commons from the corporation of weavers of Dublin, on behalf of all the weavers in Ireland, complaining that the Act was in many respects destructive of the woollen manufacture, that it was not carried out properly, and that the alnager's deputies were incompetent and accustomed to demand excessive fees.[5) ICJ v.2 p.62] In the same year the Committee of Trade reported that the alnage Act was impracticable and prejudicial, and advised that it should be repealed.[6) ICJ v.2 p.95] The Act, however, was not repealed until 1779.[7) 19&20 Geo.3 c.20]

Notes and Queries 1873:[3]

From the reign of Richard I to the last year of William III, there existed an officer called the Great Alnager, or Aulnager. He took the duty or tax on cloth measured by the aulne or ell. The post, abolished in England, survived in Ireland till the Georgian Era had nearly run its course. The last holder in Ireland was a Lord de Blaquiere; but after the office was suppressed, the salary (£1,000 a year) was continued to that Lord and to his descendants. Among the titles of the present Lord is "Great Alnager of Ireland," which is as out of place as "King of France" among the titles of the King of Great Britain and Ireland.

Acts

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  • 17 & 18 Cha.2 c.15 1665 "On every piece of old drapery exported, containing thirty-six yards, and so for a greater or lesser quantity, 3s. 4d., and of new drapery 9d., for the subsidy of alnage and alnager’s fee. See 17th and 18th Ch. II., ch. 15. Ir. But the English have taken off these and all other duties from their manufactures made or mixed with wool. Eng. Act 11 and 12 W. III., ch. 20."[4]
  • 19 & 20 Geo.3 c.20 1779
  • 21 & 22 Geo.3 c.23 1781
  • 40 Geo.3 c.36 1800

JHC

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JHC v.72 1817: Index: Ireland (Alnage Laws)
Page Date Content
280 19 May Petitions
[zzzurl zzzppp] 21 May Refer petition to committee
297 22 May Petition of Lord Blanquiere referred
[zzzurl zzzppp] 3 June Report printed
[zzzurl zzzppp] 26 June Report referred to cttee of whole house
[zzzurl zzzppp] 27 June Report considered
[zzzurl zzzppp] 1 July Resolutions
[zzzurl zzzppp] 2 July Bill 1st
445 3 July Bill 2nd
454 4 July Bill cttee
456 5 July Bill rpt
[zzzurl zzzppp] 7 July Passed
[zzzurl zzzppp] 11 July Lords agree, royal assent

Sources

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"Lib. Mun. vol. i. part 1, enumerates 389 patent offices in the establishment of Ireland", including alnager.[5] Vol I Part II p.141 and Part III pp.75–6 are indexed as "Alnager, etc."[6]

John Doddridge, quoted in Brownlow, Richard, ed. (1652). "[Pasche 7. Jacobi 1609, in the Exchequer] The Duke of Lenox Case". Reports of Diverse Famous Cases in Law. Vol. II. Speciall Pleadings. London: T. R. [Thomas Rycroft] for Henry Twyford. p. 304. Retrieved 25 June 2020.

1 Ed.1 amongst the Rolls of the Patents in the Tower, it appears that the Office of Alneger was granted De omnibus pannis tam ultra mare quam infra mare: And 1 R.2 was another Grant of the Office of Alneger, and 14. R.2 the King granted the Office of Alneger in Ireland

Calendar of State Papers on Ireland: 1615–25 p.200 No.444 (29 June 1618)

Order to prepare two fiants of grants to Lodowik Duke of Lenox, for the several terms of 56 years, to begin March 25 last past, of the office of aulnegeor and collector of the subsidy and alnage, and of the farm of the same and moiety of the forfeitures, fees, and profits thereto belonging of all vendible cloths, kersies, frizes, rugs, mantles, fastians, stuffs, &c. in Ireland, paying to the King a rent of 20l.

Calendar of State Papers on Ireland: 1633–47:

  • p.67 (18 Jul 1634) King to Lord Deputy: 26&27 July 1608 [Irish, see next] patents to Ludovic d of Lenox for 56 yrs now with James d of Lenox; collect [Irish] arrears and make acts correspond to English ones
  • p.136 (10 Jul 1636) King to Lord Deputy: 26&26 July 1608 [old&new drapery resp.] letters patent under G Seal of I 56-yrs grant to Lenox; as prev
  • p.318 (16 Jul 1641) Answer of King in Council to Irish grievances: alnage excepted from abolition of monopolies.

A bibliography of royal proclamations of the Tudor and Stuart sovereigns; Vol.II: Part I: Ireland p.35 No.317 (31 March 1637):

31 MARCH— BY THE LORD DEPUTY AND COUNCELL.
A Proclamation concerning the true making of all sorts of Cloath, and woollen commodities made for sale, and the true searching and sealing thereof.
Cites royal letter, 18 July, 10 Chas. I, and patent, 25 July, 6 Jas. I, granting to Lodowick, Duke of Richmond and Lenox, the office of Alnager for 55 years, at a yearly rent of £10, and for cotton-wool for the same term at the same rent (the new draperie). These are to be executed. The old and the new draperies are to be made to measure as by English law (4 Jas. I, c. 2). Offices for sealing and measuring to be opened.

Calendar of State Papers on Ireland: 1666–69, p.170 (31 July 166) and p.256 (28 December 1666) king recommends Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran as Almager.

31 July 1716:[7]

1666-09-01 letter patent to "to Richard, late Earl of Arran, the office of Alnager and Collector of the Subsidies of Alnage within the kingdom of Ireland and also the Duties of Alnage there for 61 years from date thereof". Returned 1716-07-26 for £5000 by earl's heir Charlotte wife of Charles, Lord Cornwallis

Possibly relevant to the Alnager overlap between Reading / Arran / Hamilton~Abercorn is a similar overlap as regards lighthouse duty: awarded 1665 (Reading) and 1666 (Arran),[8] later Reading surrendered dues and interest passed to James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn, forfeited November 1704 for dereliction of duty.[9]

1764 March 17: Proclamation for the better collection of the alnage on woollens.[10]

Post of alnager abolished in 1699, but alnage/ulnage lasted until 1724.[11] Egan 1991 cites Heaton 1965 (2nd ed.) p.423;[12] Heaton 1920 (1st ed.) p.423 says:[13]

By the end of the reign of James II there had grown up a considerable amount of opposition to the ulnage fee; many were demanding that the office should be abolished, and the loss to the Crown compensated by increased custom's dues on exported cloth. The Yorkshire clothiers were amongst the strongest supporters of this suggestion, and in 1693 they petitioned the House of Commons, declaring that the office 'is now useless and no-ways answers the end of its first constitution, but is become very burdensome to the subject, and a great hindrance to the woollen trade'.[1 House of Commons Journals, xi. 16. Also House of Lords MSS., Hist. MSS. Comm., xiii, pp. 225–6.] The farmers of the ulnage naturally opposed the destruction of their office and means of revenue; they pointed out that the patent granted in 1664 had still thirty years to run, and they did not intend to renounce such a profitable investment. Hence, though many bills were introduced to bring the institution to an end, all failed, and the ulnage did not finally expire until the termination of the Lennox licence in the reign of George I.[2 See also House of Lords MSS., Hist. MSS. Comm., xiv, pt. vi, p. 41.]

No, Act was passed in 1699 but excepted existing patents of Lenox which lasted until 1724.[14]

II. Aulnage Duties, after the Expiration of Two Grants to the Duke of Richmond, as herein mentioned, to cease.
And for the better Encouragement of the Woollen Manufactures of this Kingdom Be it further enacted by Authority aforesaid That the Subsidy and Aulnage of the old and new Draperies and of all Woollen Manufactures [whatsoever (fn. 3) ] within the Kingdom of England Dominion of Wales and Towne of Berwick upon Tweed shall from and after the Expiration or other sooner Determination (except for Non-payment of Rent within Three Months after the same becomes due and payable) of the Two Grants or Leases of the said Duties to Charles Duke of Richmond and Lenox for the Terme of Sixty Yeares bearing Date the Eighteenth Day of December in the Sixteenth Year of King Charles the Second cease determine and be no longer due or payable Any Law Statute Usage Prescription or Custom whatsoever to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding
III. Proviso for Patent to Sir James Hayes and Sir Peter Apsley.
Provided alwaies That nothing in this Act contained shall be prejudiciall to the Patent granted by the late King Charles the Second bearing Date at Westminster the Fifteenth Day of Aprill in the Twenty eighth Year of His Reigne to Sir James Hayes and Sir Peter Apsley their Executors and Administrators of which there is about Eight Yeares yet to come but that the same shall remaine in the same and no other [or better (fn. 4) ]; plight and condition than as before the making of this Act Any thing herein contained to the contrary notwithstanding

S.3 patent explained here:[15]

1707 6 Anne c.[44 Stats of Realm; 99 in source; 9 in Ruffhead] An Act for the exportation of white Woollen Cloth, before being dressed.
This exportation had been prohibited in 1522, by 14 & 15 Hen. 8, c. 3; but in 1562, Queen Elizabeth, in her sixth year, granted a patent to the Hamborough Company, with liberty to export 30,000 cloths, not wrought or dressed. Also, in 1676, Charles the Second, in his 28th year, granted a patent to Sir James Hayes, and Sir Peter Apsley, Knights, in trust for the Countess of Portland, for twenty-one years, to license the exportation of all kinds of woollen cloths, white, or coloured, though not dressed. At the expiration of that patent in 1707, the exportation of white cloths was stopped, and in consequence this Act was passed to permit the exportation. Another Act was also passed, at the same time, 6th Anne, c. 8, to impose a duty of five shillings upon the export of every white cloth, in order to encourage the dyeing and dressing of such cloths in England.

1872 HL Bill 217 Statute Law Revision (Ireland) Act 1872 — repeal for Ireland of English acts extended there by Poynings' Law — note on format of schedule in bill as opposed to act

[statute] 11 Hen.6. c.9
[abstract] Recital of the Statutes 17 H.2. c.2, 7 H.4. c.10, 11 H.4. c.6, respecting the Alnage and Measure of cloths. The said Statutes declared to extend only to whole cloths. Length and Breadth of Cloths called Streits. Cloths shall not be put to sale until measured and sealed by the Alneger. Penalty on him for sealing defective cloths.
[status] Repealed by 49 Geo.3. c.109. s.1
[commentary] It may be doubted whether this repeal extended to Ireland. If not, the Act may be regarded as virtually repealed in part (as to Aulnager) by 57 Geo. 3. c. 109., and as to residue obsolete. The Act here referred to (17 Ric. 2. c. 2.) is repealed by present Bill.

Select committee on industries (Ireland) (24 July 1885). "Appendix No. 5: Papers handed in by Dr. Lyons; Irish Industries. Schedule of Manufactures to Act of Union, 1st August 1800.". Report. London: Hansard. p. 733. Retrieved 25 June 2020.

By 40 George III., c.36, the "Old Drapers' Act" was amended, narrow and forest cloth is specified. A deputy alnager is appointed. It re-enacts the 17th and 18th George [? recte Charles] II., the 19th and 20th George III., and 21st and 22nd George III., all of which are worth perusal as bearing on questions of Irish Industries.

NLI "Alnage"

Kiernan, T.J. (1930). History of the Financial Administration of Ireland to 1817. Studies in Economics and Political Science [LSE]. Vol. 105. London: PS King. pp. 86, 215.

List

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Holders of the office of Alnager of Ireland
Year Holder Notes
temp Edward III English alnager acted in Ireland.[16]
1615 Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox Used precedent from Edward III to extend his English patent to Ireland; 1622 commission tried unsuccessfully to overturn.[16] thepeerage says 1618–1624 [death].[17]
1666 Robert Reading A 61-year patent worth £500pa.[18]
1666 Arran till death in 1686[17]
1684 James Hamilton Succeeded his late father-in-law, Reading.[18] Later 6th Earl of Abercorn.[18]
1689 Hamilton was ousted by Jacobites.[18]
1692 January James Hamilton Restored under William and Mary.[18] William Conolly was his agent.[18]
1717[19][20]

–after 1737[21]

William Molesworth Philipstown MP and son of Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth.[19] Patent for 31 years; warrant issued 1 August 1717.[20]
by 1749 Edward Weston [22]
1762 August 11 Edward Weston A new 31-year patent.[23]
1763[24] John Hely-Hutchinson Weston was awarded a pension of £500pa on 1 August 1763 for surrendering his patent.[25] Hutchinson farmed it out for £800 and secured an additional salary of £1000.[26] The satirical volume Baratariana referred to him as "Don John Alnagero".[27] Philip Tisdall had a reversion of the office on Hutchinson's death.[28] Hutchinson resigned when appointed Provost of Trinity College Dublin by agreement with Blaquiere.[26]
1774 November 21 Sir John Blaquiere For 31 years.[29] Chief Secretary for Ireland; farmed out for £1200 pa.[30] Created Baron de Blaquiere in 1800. thepeerage says started 1775.[17]
1797[31] John Blaquiere A 48-year award.[31] Unclear if it was a regrant to the preceding [per Hughes[32]] or a separate grant to his son [per Cockayne[33] and thepeerage;[17] more natural reading of act[31]], who succeeded in 1812 as 2nd baron.
1802 Biddulph, Cox, and Ridge Mortgaged by the baron[34]
1803 Peter Boyle Blaquiere Appointed Alnager [ultra vires?] by the Baron, and himself "appointed a Mr. White, as Chief Deputy Alnager".[35]
1803 John Blaquiere, 1st Baron de Blaquiere "certain circumstances, which I believe are unnecessary to detail to the Committee, induced Lord Blaquiere to require a re-assignment of the office to himself."[36] But note in 1806 P. Boyle Blaquiere calls himself "Chief Alnager of Ireland".[37]
1808 Janury 29 William Elliott Appointed by baron for a 6-year term[38]
1814 November 26 John Blaquiere, 2nd Baron de Blaquiere Assigned by the mortgagee, with claims still outstanding on him.[39]
1816 December 28 John Blaquiere, 2nd Baron de Blaquiere Wins suit against Elliott who had exceeded his 6-year term.[38]
1817 John Blaquiere Office abolished; as compensation a £500 tax-free annuity was given to the 2nd baron and his heirs for remainder of the patent's term (1797 + 48 = 1845).[40] Still being paid in 1836.[41]
1920 None Barony extinct upon the death of William Barnard de Blaquiere, 6th Baron de Blaquiere. George Dames Burtchaell says post-1817 barons were "frequently (though erroneously) described as Great Alamagers of Ireland", and the office was "never hereditary".[42]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Hunt, George Ward; Ayrton, A. S. (29 July 1869). "Appendix 13.—Explanatory and Historical Notices; Financial Government of Ireland and Control over Receipt and Expenditure". Public income and expenditure: return to an order of the honourable the House of Commons, dated 24 July 1866; Part II. Command papers. Vol. C.366-1. p. 395. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  2. ^ O'Brien, George Augustine Thomas (1919). "III: The Period of Reconstruction, 1660–1689; 11: The Woollen Industry". The economic history of Ireland in the seventeenth century. Dublin and London: Maunsel. pp. 176–187: 182. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  3. ^ "Notices to correspondents [to J. B. P.]". Notes and Queries. ser.4 v.XII (304): 340. 25 October 1873. doi:10.1093/nq/s4-XII.304.340. ISSN 1471-6941. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  4. ^ Carroll 2012 p.155 fn.425
  5. ^ Carroll 2012 fn.92
  6. ^ Deputy Keeper of Public Records in Ireland (26 February 1877). "Appendix III: Index to "Liber Munerum Publicorum Hiberniæ."". Ninth report. Command papers. Vol. C.1702. Dublin: HMSO. p. 21.
  7. ^ Shaw and, William A; Slingsby, F H, eds. (1957). Calendar of Treasury Books. Vol. 31. London: HMSO. p. 384. Retrieved 24 June 2020 – via British History Online.
  8. ^ Howard, Gorges Edmond (1776). "VII: Light-house duty". A Treatise of the Exchequer and Revenue of Ireland. J.A. Husband. p. 80. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  9. ^ Knighton, C. S. (2005). Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of Anne, Preserved in the Public Record Office: III. May 1704-October 1705. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 119 No.833. ISBN 978-1-84383-145-7. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  10. ^ Kelly, James; Lyons, Marian, eds. (2014). Proclamations of Ireland. Vol. 4. Irish Manuscripts Commission. p. 68.; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (Northumberland); Privy Council of Ireland (1764). "A proclamation Against the persons who shall oppose the collectors of that part of His Majesty's revenue arising from the subsidies and alnage of all clothes and other commodities made of wool". Dublin: Boulter Grierson. Retrieved 25 June 2020 – via NLI.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ OED svv "alnage", "alnager".
  12. ^ EGAN, GEOFF (1991). "ALNAGE SEALS AND THE NATIONAL COINAGE - SOME PARALLELS IN DESIGN" (PDF). BNJ. 61 (6).
  13. ^ Heaton, Herbert (1920). The Yorkshire woollen and worsted industries, from the earliest times up to the Industrial revolution (1st ed.). Oxford: Clarendon. p. 243. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  14. ^ Raithby, John, ed. (1820). "William III, 1698-9: An Act for takeing away the Duties upon the Woollen Manufactures, Corn Grain Bread Biscuit and Meal exported. [Chapter XX. Rot. Parl. 11. Gul. III. p. 3. n. 11.]". Statutes of the Realm. Vol. 7: 1695-1701. Great Britain Record Commission. pp. 610–611 §§2, 3. Retrieved 26 June 2020 – via British History Online.
  15. ^ Select Committee on the Law Relative to Patents for Inventions (12 June 1829). "Appendix". Report. Parliamentary papers. Vol. HC 1829 (332) III 415. p. 170. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  16. ^ a b Hodgers, Don (2005). "Richard Hadsor (c. 1570-1635), the Solicitor for Irish Causes and Crown Counsel for Irish Affairs". Journal of the County Louth Archaeological and Historical Society. 26 (1): 103. doi:10.2307/27729970. ISSN 0070-1327. JSTOR 27729970.
  17. ^ a b c d "Index to Irish Members of Parliament". www.thepeerage.com. Retrieved 25 June 2020.[unreliable source?]
  18. ^ a b c d e f Walsh, Patrick (2010). The Making of the Irish Protestant Ascendancy: The Life of William Conolly, 1662-1729. Boydell & Brewer. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-84383-584-4. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  19. ^ a b Debrett, John (1814). "Viscount Molesworth". The Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 2: Scotland and Ireland. G. Woodfall. p. 1032. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  20. ^ a b Calendar of Treasury Books. Vol. 31. London: HMSO. 1960. pp. 480–489. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  21. ^ The Gentleman and Citizen's Almanack. Dublin: John Watson. 1737. p. 67. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  22. ^ "The Monthly Chronologer for Ireland; Promotions". The London Magazine and Monthly Chronologer. Dublin: Sarah and John Exshaw: 577. November 1749. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  23. ^ Redington 1878 p.251
  24. ^ Carroll 2012 p.x
  25. ^ Redington 1878 p.376
  26. ^ a b Heron, Denis Caulfield (1847). The constitutional history of the University of Dublin; with some account of its present condition and suggestions for improvement. Dublin: M'Glashan. pp. 77–78. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  27. ^ Baratariana (1777). "Appendix: Key to the History of Baratariana". Baratariana: A select collection of fugitive political pieces, publ. during the administration of Lord Townshend in Ireland (3rd ed.). Retrieved 24 June 2020.; Carroll 2012 p.xiii
  28. ^ Carroll 2012 p.xvi
  29. ^ JHCI v.20 p.643 No.1
  30. ^ Carroll 2012 p.xxiv
  31. ^ a b c 57 Geo.3 c.109 s.3
  32. ^ Hughes, James L. J. (1960). Patentee Officers in Ireland, 1173-1826. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission. p. 12.
  33. ^ Cokayne, George E. (George Edward); Gibbs, Vicary; Doubleday, H. Arthur, eds. (1916). "De Blaquiere". The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant. Vol. 4: Dacre to Dysart (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 108–109. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  34. ^ Commission 1817, pp.16, 17
  35. ^ Commission 1817, p.13
  36. ^ Commission 1817, p.14
  37. ^ "Woollen Manufacture of Ireland" (PDF). General Advertiser. Limerick. 16 January 1806. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  38. ^ a b Commission 1817, p.18
  39. ^ Commission 1817, p.16
  40. ^ "57 Geo.3 c.109". The Statutes of the United Kingdom. Vol. 57 George III. London: Butterworth's. 1817. pp. 426–428. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  41. ^ Superannuation Allowances. Parliamentary papers. Vol. HC 1837 (157) xxxix 447. H.M. Stationery Office. 23 March 1837. p. 40 No.33. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  42. ^ C., G. E. (1906). Complete Baronetage. Vol. V. W. Pollard. p. 414, fn.(a).
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