User:Jnestorius/Marshal of Ireland

Marshal of Ireland may be

Irish role	English equivalent	Notes
Earl Marshal of Ireland	Earl Marshal
Knight Marshal of Ireland	Knight Marshal	Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex 1598 as Earl Marshal said the the Knight Marshal was "indeed but the K. Provost Marshal"; Boynton comments "His special function was to maintain order in the vicinity of the royal household."
Marshal of the Army of Ireland	Captain general § Great Britain	Marshal § Military "Marshals are typically, but not exclusively, appointed only in wartime". Leader of Elizabvethan expedition was "normally styled general, lieutenant, or lieutenant-general", with "high-marshal was usually second-in-command" and "he had under him a provost-marshal". Essex had "the appointment by the privy council of a council of war, consisting of the vice-admiral, lieutenant of the infantry, marshal, master of the ordnance, and sergeant-major, to guide the general".
Provost-marshal of Presidencies Munster, Connaught, Clare	Provost-marshal of counties, expeditions	French office founded in 1374 under Constable of France and abolished 1627. First English was Henry Guildford in 1511 by Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy, captain-general of the expedition against the Moors. "the provosts in England (where from 1523 the Constable's office was in abeyance) were designated 'subaltern officers' of the Earl Marshal." "following the Pilgrimage of Grace the duke of Norfol appointed Sir Ralph Ellerker as 'marshall'; and again during the 1549 [Prayer Book] rebellion Sir Anthony Kingston was 'Provost Marshal in the field'." "In 1540 ... Osborne Itchingham ... had paid his provost's attendants at his own expense" [does that mean to say that Itchingham was the marshal or the provost?"In 1556 the marshal of the Irish army (the provost-marshal's superior officer)" [was order to enforce martial law; Cal SPI 1509-73 p. 134] "the Presidency Courts of Munster and Connaught possess[ed] authority to enforce martial law and provost-marshals to execute" In Elizabethan England, PM was subordinate of LL of county, but Earl Marshal claimed authority over PMs.
Commander-in-Chief, Ireland	Commander-in-Chief of the Forces
Marshal of the Four Courts; previously separate Marshal of the Exchequer Marshal of the [King's Bench/Chief [Pleas/Place]] Marshal of the Common [Pleas/Place]	Marshal of the Exchequer?
judge marshal	Judge-advocate	"Ireland possessed a permanent judge marshal [Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Loftus] well over sixty years before there was a permanent judge advocate in England. This is not that surprising given that Ireland possessed a standing army so much earlier than England."

England

In England, the Earl Marshal does relate to Marshalsea (cf Dublin City Marshal):

William Mareschal or Marshall ... belonged to a family who took their sirname ... from their hereditary office of the marshalsea of the exchequer. That office was at this time held by his elder brother John: but William by his marriage with Isabella heiress of the celebrated Richard Strongbow, the conqueror of Ireland, which he obtained from king Richard almost immediately after the death of Henry II, was now in possession of the earldom of Pembroke and of the greater office of marshal of England. From this union of earldom, office, and sirname, added to his personal dignity and great power, he came to be ordinarily styled Comes Mareschallus, the Earl Marshal, of which the first recorded instance occurs in the reign of king John; and that style continued to be given in ordinary conversation, and even in deeds and records, to his successors in the office who were earls. But the honour of earl-marshal is quite distinct from the office of marshal of England, and was first created in 1386 by Richard II granting it to Thomas Mowbray, earl of Nottingham, on whom he had before conferred the office. Anstis, Curia Militaris pp. xxiv-xxviii, xxxviii-xl; and Letter to a Peer concerning the honour of Earl-Marshal pp. 12-14.

Mar of Exch was deputy of Mar of Eng

Standard Library Cyclopaedia sv "Marshal".

Squibb, G. D. (George Drewry) (1997) [1957]. "1: The Origin and Medieval Jurisdiction of the Court". The High Court of Chivalry : a study of the civil law in england. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-825140-8. shows that martial law "was nothing to do with the earl marshal and his court of chivalry; there was confusion between the earl marshal and the marshal of the army who did exercise martial law (cf. ibid. pp. 3-4). However, the council had recently agreed that the earl marshal could sit as a judge, though of what is not stated (A.P.C. 1621-1623, p. 365)"

Hereditary Marshal of Ireland

"William Marshall, hereditary marshal of Ireland, placed [1301] a marshal's baton at each side of his shield"

https://archive.org/details/bookofpublicarms00foxd/page/360/

HEREDITARY MARSHAL OF IRELAND. Two batons in saltire behind his arms. According to MS. Hail. 65S9 f 39, " Les armes des office du Mareschall d'Ireland sont de Goulz et cinque fucelles bendes d'Argent."

1393 "Morley appears in the register with some frequency, and is always given his title of Marshal of Ireland, a responsibility that was probably more titular than demanding."

Hope 1953:

Quite a number of early grants emanate from private individuals, and empower some kinsman or friend and his heirs to bear arms which the grantor is able to transfer to him. Thus Camden prints a grant of 1348-9 from Robert de Morley, marshal of Ireland, to Robert de Corby, of certain arms that had descended to him by the death of Baldwin de Manoures.

Records in the PRO:

• 1298 SC 8/174/8664 William le Mareschal (Marshal), son of John le Marshal delivery to him of the office of Marshal of Ireland as his father's heir, not mentioned in the writ
• 1309–1310 SC 1/35/69 William le Marshal, marshal of Ireland, to John de Langton, bishop of Chichester
• 1360–1364 Carew MS 602, p. 5 BRIEFS of RECORDS concerning IRELAND
  • Office of Marshal of Ireland, of the inheritance of William de Morle. knight, seized into the King's hand.—Pat. 44 Ed. III., p. 1, m. 22.
• Calendar of Close Rolls, Edward III: Volume 12, 1364-1369 Close Rolls, Edward III: May 1364 William marshal of Ireland had deputed John de Naunton to keep the office
• c. 1381 / 1379–1384 SC 8/20/960 & SC 8/20/961 & SC 8/126/6254 All from 960: "Thomas de Morle states that William de Morle, his father, and his other ancestors, were seised continually of the office of Marshal of Ireland from time immemorial, until" Guildford [1380] statute against absentee officers and deputies in Ireland "because his father's lieutenant, John de Naunton, who was killed in London at this time, did not arrive, the office was seized into the king's hand; and afterwards, when by another ordinance made on this matter, all others whose possessions had been seized in this way were restored to them, the petitioner was not." From 6254: "following the death of both Roger Denys, his father's lieutenant, who died while William was in England, and the subsequent death of William himself"
• 1575, May 20 Calendar of the Cecil Papers in Hatfield House: Volume 2, pp. 96-99. No 247 Henry, Lord Morley to Lord Burghley: 'Would not his lordship think it strange that it should be declared to him “that the day should come when the best Earls and Lords in England should be glad to putt off their caps to the rakehell Stukely,” affirming him to be the Earl of Washford, and Duke of Leinster? To this he replied that he would see his Office of Marshal of Ireland exercised at his creation, but with a hempen halter instead of a coronet.'
• 4 June, 1575 Calendar of State Papers Relating To English Affairs in the Vatican Archives, Volume 2 pp. 205-210 No. 404 "Baron de Morley, Grand Marshal of Ireland to [Ptolemy Galli,] Cardinal of Como"
• 1621 HL/PO/JO/10/13/7 'Petition of William Pollgreeve, administrator of the goods of Edward Lord Morley, lately deceased, the late Lord Morley surrendered the office of High Marshal of Ireland, and received a grant for the sole right of printing and uttering a book called "God and the King;"'
  • 1603–1625 C 2/JasI/M16/8 Lord Morley v Spatchhurst account of the profits of printing and publishing a book entitled 'God and the King'
  • 4 January 1615 Remembrancia IV 8: request to publish
  • 1615/6 God and the king and Deus et rex probably by Richard Mocket
• 1901 C 195/3/32 Petition of James Thorne, Lord de Morley, to hold office of English standard bearer and marshal of Ireland
• 1901 Dec 1 C 195/3/33 Petition of George Sackville Frederick Lane-Fox to disallow petition of 'Mr J T Roe, calling himself.... Lord de Morley' and to allow office of marshal of Ireland to remain dormant

Collins 1812 on Henry Parker, 10th Baron Morley:

Yet notwithstanding this alliance, by reason of the marriage of his daughter, Jane Parker, to George, Lord Rochford, brother to Queen Anne Bullen, after the unfortunate execution of his son-in-law, and of that unfortunate Queen, he utterly lost the favour of King Henry VIII. again, so that he could by no means obtain the confirmation of bis office of Marshal of Ireland, to which he had an indisputable title, and about this time made his claim.

Lynch 1830

In the year 1220 he [John Marshal] had licence from the Crown to appoint a Deputy to execute in his place the duties of the Marshalsea,

On obtaining possession under this order [from Edward II to the Irish Justiciary], Sir Robert [de Morlee], by deed dated the 7th of March in the same year [1324], as "Robert de Morley Mareschal Dirlaunde" deputed his "chere bacheler" John de Athye to serve and in his name execute the duties of the Marshalsea.

[1460 statute] that any realm or land which hath within itself of itself a Constable and Marshal, no person of the said realm ought to sue or pursue any appeal or other matter determinable before the said Constable and Marshal, before the Constable and Marshal of any other land, &c. and that notwithstanding there are within the said land and of ANCIENT CUSTOM THERE HAVE BEEN A CONSTABLE AND MARSHAL, yet divers have sued many of the King's subjects of the same land to be sent for into England by colour of such appeal, to the derogation of those liberties, &c. Wherefore it was enacted, that no person should be compelled to answer any appeal out of the said land; that any officer attempting the contrary should forfeit all his goods and lands and 1000 marks; and that every appeal of treason sued there should be determined before the Constable and Marshal of Ireland.

from the family of Lovel it passed into that of Parker, amongst the coheirs of which the honorary dignity of Lord Marshal of Ireland, as well as the baronies of Morley and Monteagle, are now said to be in abeyance.

Besides the duties which seemed to have been exercised by the Marshal of England, there were some other public services of great trust and consequence which devolved on the Marshal of Ireland. This appears from entries on the rolls of King John and Henry the Third, whereby we find that under the Marshal's care and superintendance were placed all the castles and fortresses, not only of the King, but of all. minors and others whose estates were in the hands of the Crown: these he was bound to inspect and have always duly guarded and munitioned. The Marshal also in Ireland with the King's Justiciary laid out the bounds, and assigned the districts or territories granted to the Bajrons by the King, and exercised many other high functions, as will appear on reference to those rolls.

The Court of Claims:

An air of romance attaches to the claim to be Marshal of Ireland. There is first of all a petition from 'James Thorne, Lord de Morley, Baron of Rye, and Hereditary Marshal of Ireland,' claiming as the descendant and representative of Sir William Parker, Standard Bearer to Richard III. The length of Irish pedigrees is shown by the allegation that the petitioner's ancestors have been seised of the Marshalship of Ireland 'for all time.' This brought up Mr. George Sackville Frederick Lane-Fox with a counter petition. He begins by humbly showing 'that a petition has been presented to your Majesty by Mr. J. T. Roe, calling himself Baron or Lord de Morley,' and claiming to be Marshal of Ireland and Standard Bearer. Mr. Lane-Fox claims himself to be one of the co-heirs of Thomas Parker, the last Lord Morley and Monteagle.' The said Mr. J. T. Roe' (he asserts), 'calling himself Baron or Lord de Morley, is not heir or coheir or the Lords de Morley, and not heir or coheir to the hereditary office of Marshal of Ireland, and that neither Mr. Roe nor the right heirs of the Lords de Morley have any hereditary claim to the office of Standard Bearer to your Majesty. That the said Mr. J. T. Roe petitioned her late Majesty Queen Victoria for the Barony or title of Lord de Morley, that the said petition was referred to the consideration of the then Attorney-General, who reported that the said Mr. J. T. Roe had not established his right to the dignity. That the said Mr. J. T. Roe subsequently assumed by his own motion and without authority the title of Baron or Lord de Morley.' Mr. Roe appeared in person and admitted that he had not proved his right to the barony before the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords. The Court made no order upon his petition.

Debrett quoted in The Genealogist:

Hitherto a claim which has been put forward for some little time to the ancient Barony of De Morley (creation by writ 1299) — which title, however, has nothing whatever to do with the Barony of De Mauley or the Earldom of Morley — has not been considered of sufficient importance to be referred to in Debrett even as a claim. But as the matter has recently been mentioned in a case in the High Court of Justice, when Mr. Justice Darling rightly took the opportunity of pointing out that the title had not been allowed a place in Debrett, and as it was reported to have been stated in the course of that case that the ' claim to the Barony had been proved before the Attorney-General,' it is, perhaps, as well to point out here that, even assuming the descent of the claimant (James Thorne Roe or Rowe) to be correct as put forward, there are apparently many coheirs at present in existence nearer to the succession than himself ; also that his right to the Barony has not been proved before the Attorney-General, that functionary having reported in August, 1898, that the Crown should not be advised to determine the abeyance in the Petitioner's favour.

We ourselves were always under the impression that the claim was put forward as one of right, and not as to a title in abeyance ; but possibly Debrett may have more complete details of the claim than have come into our own possession

1866: The elder John left issue four sons: —

• John, already mentioned, died s.p. 1199.
• William, the great Earl of Pembroke, of whom presently.
• Henry, made Dean of York by Richard the First, and on the tenth of February, 1193–4, Bishop of Exeter, died in October, 1206. He bore. Or, a lion rampant Gules within a bordure Azure, entoire of mitres of the first,
• Anselme (called by Baker John, History of Northampton, vol. n, p. 59). By his wife Alicia, he had issue John, made hereditary Marshal of Ireland, 9 John, from whom descended the Barons Marshal of Hengham. See Blomefield’s History of Norfolk, vol. ii, p. 432.

Article in 1879, finding fault with Morant's ancestry of a 17C Marshall from the Earl of Pembroke, recaps early Marshals of Ireland.

John Horace Round in 1911:

• suggests that the hereditary Marshal of Ireland carried the spurs at the 1307 coronation because (1) the hereditary Marshal of England had merged in the crown and not yet been regranted; (2) the Marshal of Ireland was related to the late Marshals of England; (3) the king was lord of Ireland and the marshal there was senior extant marshal office.
• does not give first name [John] of the man who was both father of John 1st Marshal of Ireland and brother of William 1st earl of Pembroke. [cf 1866 Anselm]

Betts, Arthur (1913). "Coronation Studies — The Great Gold Spurs: III. The Descent of the Customary Right". Juridical Review. 25 (1): 8–24. ISSN 0022-6785.

• disputes Round's suggestion that 1307 was "as being Hereditary Marshal of Ireland"

Marshalsea

Ancestor of Marshal of the Four Courts. Sometimes separate marshals of the Exchequer, chief place [? = king's bench?], common place [= common pleas]; sometimes granted to the same person. Forget others like "marshal of the admiralty", "office of the marshalsea within co. Wexford", etc.

• 1284 July 27. Nevyn. Mandate in pursuance to the justiciary of Ireland Grant to William de Iteshale (Ideshale in margin), during the minority of the heir of John le Mareschal, of the office of the marshalsea of the Exchequer in Dublin, in the king's hands by reason of his custody of the land and heir of the said John, with 41. yearly for his robes, as William Pycot, sometime marshal there, used to have.
• 20 Aug. 1336 APPOINTMENT of Richard Brampton to the office of marshal of Ire
• 1338 Feb. 9. Westminster Grant for life to Thomas de Bentham of the office of the marshalsea of the Exchequer of Dublin, Ireland. Mandate in pursuance to the treasurer and barons of the said Exchequer.
  • 2 Aug. 1346 Thomas Bentham, marshal of the Ex., going overseas in the K.'s service, has substituted before them in chancery Reginald Eskyr
• FYSSHACRE, Roger, Marshal of Ireland, 3 July, 1346 https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/20-edward-iii/98 marshalsea of the King
• 42 Edw III "MEMORANDUM that William fitz William ... marshal of Ire., delivered ...in the court of the lord K. ... by order of the K.'s council and in the presence of Nicholas Lumbard, second justice at pleas [etc.], to ... Dublin castle, for safe custody"
• 24 Jun. 1371 John More, "offices of marshal and usher of the Ex" for life
• 20 Feb. 1375 ... he was deputy of John Duket, marshal of Ire.
• 1378 "marshal and usher of the Ex., 5m[arks].
• 1380 "William Archbold, who has been appointed usher and marshal of the Ex"
• 1380 "permit John More, who was appointed marshal and usher of the Ex. by Edward III, late K. of Eng, for service, to use that office"
• EURE, Walter, Keeper of the Writs, Marshal of Ireland, 22 Feb., 1381. https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/5-richard-ii/118
  • 25 Feb. 1381 APPOINTMENT of Walter de la Botellerie as marshal of the common bench
• 1 Oct. 1383 APPOINTMENT of Nicholas Caddewelly as marshal of the common bench
• 14 Nov. 1385 To Nicholas Cadwelly, former marshal of the common bench of Ire. ORDER to deliver that office to [Walter de la Botelleri, as in §64 14 Nov. 1385 GRANT, for service that Walter de la Botelleri performed to Edward III, late K. of Eng., grandfather of the present K., to him of the office of marshal of the common bench of Ire
• 13 Feb. 1387 Dublin COMMISSION by the marquis to John Hornedon of the office of marshal of the chief place, to have during pleasure, with the due and accustomed fee. To Edward Perers and John Bocum. ORDER to interfere no further [concerning the office of marshal of the chief place, as in §110].
• 10 Mar. 1388 INSPEXIMUS and CONFIRMATION of letters patent dated 22 June [1371] 45 Edw. III, by which the K., for service, granted to John More the office of marshal and usher of the Ex
• 19 Feb. 1389 granted for life to John Thame, herberger [hospitator] of the royal household, the offices of marshal of the chief place, common bench and Ex. of Ire.
• Ashe 1394 https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/patent/18-richard-ii/64
  • 25 April [1395] ... GRANT to Edward Perrers ... of the office of ... marshal before all other justices and commissioners in that land except the office of marshal in the chief place, common bench and Ex., which William Asshe, one of the ushers of the K.'s chamber, occupies by an earlier grant
• 4 Dec. 1395 John More, late marshal and usher of the Ex., ... never acquired the same, and that John Stakboll was formerly seised in fee; and he gave it to Jordan Frauncys taillor, forever; who gave it to William Martyr chaplain, forever; who gave it to the said John Wrothy forever
• 27 Oct. 1399 during pleasure, to Henry Faryngton of the offices of marshal in the Ex. and common bench
• 4 Feb. 140 John Radclyff ... marshal both of the chief bench and the common bench, and of the Ex. of Ire
• 22 Dec. 1406 Thomas Walleys ... marshal in the chief place and common bench, and also in the Ex. ... which John Radclyff had and surrendered
• deleted by mistake viz. of the K.B., C. Pleas and Exchr., 21 Oct., 1421
  • 21 Oct. 1421 "John Whitechurche of the office of marshal of Ire., both in the chief place and the common bench, and also in the Ex"
• 16 Mar. 1424 "To Edward Plowden, marshal both in the chief place and common bench, and also in the Ex"
• 10 Dec. 1431 "GRANT to […] Glegg of the office of marshal of Ire., to have by himself and his deputies with the due and accustomed fees"
• 4 Apr. 1451 "during good behaviour, of Nicholas de la Feld as marshal and usher of the Ex., the K.'s bench and common bench"
• 24 Jul. 1461 "John Bolyngton as marshal both of the chief bench and of the common bench, and also of the Ex"

Records in the PRO:

• 1360–1364 Carew MS 602, p. 5 BRIEFS of RECORDS concerning IRELAND
  • Office of marshal in the King's Bench granted to Merlowe.—Pat. 34 Ed. III., p. 2, m. 30.

Others

• "marshal of the high court of admiralty in Ireland (1866–8)"

Acts I think GB relating to marshal of the exch of England

• 27 G2 c17
• 12 G3 c23

Marshal of the Army

Ronan Keane:

[p. 150 fn 3] On the history of martial law in England see

• Capua, J. V. (1977). "The Early History of Martial Law in England from the Fourteenth Century to the Petition of Right". The Cambridge Law Journal. 36 (1): 152–173. ISSN 0008-1973. JSTOR 4505983. "His conclusions should be treated caution in the light of later research: see"
• Holdsworth, W. S. (April 1902). "Martial law historically considered". The law quarterly review. 18 (70). London: Stevens and Sons: 117–132.

  [and following article "Martial Law" pp. 133-142 by H. Erle Richards]

[p. 152] In Ireland the concept of martial law exercised in the name of the king by the marshal of the army was well recognised. One notable example... the summary executions carried out in 1535 by Sir William Skeffington, Henry VIII's Lord Deputy, after the ending by bribery of the siege of Maynooth Castle, the seat of the 'Silken Thomas'. ... It was ... originally exercised by the marshal of the army against rebels and traitors in arms against the crown. In the sixteenth century, that jurisdiction was delegated to officialks of lower rank called 'provost marshals'.

[p. 153] Antony St Leger's 1548 commission:

Commission to Anthony Seyntleger, Knight of the Garter, Deputy of Ireland, and the marshal of the army in that realm, or the marshal alone in the Deputy's absence or by his command to hear and determine complaints against any of the retinue there and also to hear and determine all ... criminal causes, ... according to the law and custom of the marshalsea, hitherto used in that realm, called 'marciall lawe' and punish the guilty.

Should "to Anthony Seyntleger, Knight of the Garter, Deputy of Ireland, and the marshal of the army" be parsed as

1. as "to [Anthony Seyntleger, [[Knight of the Garter], [Deputy of Ireland], and [the marshal of the army]]]"
2. or "to [Anthony Seyntleger, [[Knight of the Garter], [Deputy of Ireland]]], and the marshal of the army"

i.e. was Seyntleger marshal of the army or was someone else in that role? In isolation the fragment appeals more as #1, but the ensuing favours #2: "or the marshal alone in the Deputy's absence or by his command".

"what would be the role of the Irish Council, or of more senior government officers such as the lord chancellor, the vice-treasurer, or the marshal of the army?"

In 1625:

The Irish military establishment comprised, in the first place, the actual fighting force ... in the second place, the central staff - the Lord Deputy, the Marshal of Ireland, the Treasurer at War and the Master of the Ordnance, with their staffs and retinues, and the Muster Master General and Scoutmaster, together with the Lord Presidents of Munster and Connacht and the Governor of the town and county of Galway ... and finally, the maintenance of forts and the payment of miscellaneous pensions

List

John O'Hart 1876: "Robert <-- notRobert le Poer-->le Poer ... was the first of this family that, A.D. 1172, tame into Ireland with King Henry the Second, who, by charter, granted unto the said Robert, by the name of Robert Puber, the city of Waterford, with " the whole province thereabouts"; and made him marshal of Ireland, In the year 1179, this Robert Le Poer was joined in commission with Sir Hugo De Lacy, as lords justices of Ireland. In the year 1177, John De Courcy, with the aid of Roger Poer (who was likely the brother or one of the three sons of the said Robert), conquered Ulidia. We read that this Roger (or Sir Roger) Le Poer was the friend and companion in arms of Sir John De Courcy and Sir Armoric St, Lawrence, and was the standard-bearer and marshal of Ireland"

• John Marshal (d. 1235) son of John Marshal brother of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke; "[David Beresford's] lands in Ireland, which were given to John Marshal (d. 1235), marshal of Ireland, on 3 June 1223"
• William Thwaites (the marshal of the army) [19 Edw 3, Ralph Ufford justiciar]
• Edward Perers PERERS, Sir Edward, Marshal of the Army, 30 Apr., 1395, 1425, 30 Apr. 1395 "marshal of the armed militia [marescallum armate milicie] of the land of Ire"
  • 25 April [1395] ... GRANT to Edward Perrers ... of the office of marshal of the armed militia [marescallum armate milicie] of Ire., for life, and marshal before all other justices and commissioners in that land (except the office of marshal in the chief place, common bench and Ex. ...);
  • 28 Apr. 1402 marshal of the armed militia of Ire. ... APPOINTMENT of Walter Bitturley kt as his deputy
  • 8 Aug. 1425 "Edward Perers kt, marshal of Ire"
• James Stanley son of George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange, "marshal of Ireland in the time of Henry VIII"
• Sir William Skeffington [?only ex officio as Lord Deputy?]
• Lord Leonard Grey, who had recently [as of 24 August 1535] replaced Skeffington as army marshal "Lord Leonard Grey arrives as marshal of the army (28 July)"
• When Sir Anthony St Leger (qv) became lord lieutenant in August 1540, Brereton was rewarded with the office of marshal of Ireland. He died sometime before 26 March 1541
• Anthony St Leger November 1546 "Sir Ant. Seyntleger, K.G., deputy, and the marshal of the army in Ireland for the time being"
• FORTESCUE, Anthony, Marshal of the Army, 23 Dec., 1546. "Ant. Fortescue Office, Pref. by Sir Thomas Speake. G. 23 Dec." Son of John Fortescue of Spridleston; sometimes conflated with Anthony Fortescue (d. 1570/71). A prisoner in the Tower of London Oct/Nov 1549.
• Nicholas Bagenal In March 1547 he became marshal of the army in Ireland ... Bagenal lost the marshalship at Mary I's accession ... did not regain it till October 1565 ... when he regained the marshalship he attempted to sell both the office and his lands to Sir Thomas Stukeley (qv). Having been prevented by Elizabeth I from doing so ... His son Henry (qv) was granted the reversion of the marshalship in August 1583. ... (September 1587); he resigned the marshalship (October 1590) on the grounds of age and ill health, and on condition of Henry's succession
• Francis Bryan's new influence in Ireland was recognised by his appointment as lord marshal of Ireland (November 1548), an appointment that greatly antagonised the lieutenant, Edward Bellingham (qv). He was elected justiciar to replace Bellingham who left Ireland in December 1549,
• STANLEY, Sir George, Marshal of the Army, 29 Nov., 1553, 4 Feb., 1559/60 Son of James Stanley son of George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange
  • force led [1556 ] by Sir George Stanley, the marshal of the army
  • driven back to Powerscourt [May 1556] by Sir George Stanley, the marshal of the army
  • Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex his own appointee [AFTER April 1556] as marshal of the army, Sir George Stanley
• 1579 Nicholas Malby Marshal during LD's absence
• Henry Bagenal returned to Ireland (1587) as deputy to his father; and on 24 October 1590 succeeded him as marshal of the army
• Richard Bingham (soldier) In the crisis after the defeat and death of Henry Bagenal (qv), Bingham was sent with 5,000 men to succeed him as marshal of Ireland; however, after one brief campaign he died in Dublin (19 January 1599).
• Christopher Blount in early August [1599], with the knowledge of the marshal of the army, Sir Christopher Blount "refused to become Lieutenant of Ireland, but had then accepted the appointment as marshal of the army in Ireland in March 1599" [ODNB]
• Richard Wingfield, 1st Viscount Powerscourt (first creation), Marshal of the Army, 29 Mar., 1600, 20 Apr., 1603
  • [Wingfield, Sir Richard (1551?–1634), 1st Viscount Powerscourt] On 27 January 1600 he was made marshal of the Irish army and was a member of the Irish privy council by 24 March.
• Charles Wilmot, 1st Viscount Wilmot, Marshal of the Army, 22 May, 1611; Commander in Chief, 6 Nov., 1629.
• Henry Power, 1st Viscount Valentia, Marshal of the Army, 1 Sept., 1617, 6 Dec., 1634
• Edward Conway, 2nd Viscount Conway Through the influence of Lord Deputy Wentworth (qv), he was appointed marshal of Ireland on 31 January 1640 (patent dated 2 April 1640) and joined the Irish council
• James Butler, Earl (later 1st Duke) of Ormond of, Commander in Chief, 16 Sept., 1642
• He appears to have been appointed confederate marshal by 1646.
• Henry Cromwell, Commander in Chief, 1655
• Sir Henry Tichborne, Marshal of the Army, 31 July, 1660
  • he benefited considerably from royal favour, being made marshal of Ireland by August 1660 and receiving various cash grants totalling nearly £6,000
• Marcus Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon, Marshal of the Army, 29 Sept., 1660
• Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory, Commander in Chief, 16 Sept., 1665
• Marcus Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon He was appointed ... marshal of the Irish army in August 1667
• Arthur Forbes, Viscount (later 1st Earl) of Granard, Marshal of the Army, 9 Aug., 1670
  • [Forbes, Sir Arthur (1623–c.1696), 1st earl of Granard] He was appointed marshal of the army in July 1670 and in the absence of the viceroy, Lord Berkeley of Stratton (qv), was appointed as a lord justice (11 May–23 September 1671) alongside Archbishop Michael Boyle (qv).
  • GRANARD, Arthur, V., Commander in Chief, 10 Sept., 1684, 20 June, 1685
• Richard Butler, 1st Earl of Arran "He was named governor of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, in 1683 and appointed marshal of the Irish army on 10 September 1684, but his command of a cavalry regiment was to end with the accession of James II (qv), when it was transferred to the command of Richard Talbot (qv), earl of Tyrconnell"
• Jacobites 1689–91:
  • "GOC Captain-General the Duke of Tyrconnell" (also Lord Deputy)
  • French commanders were Conrad von Rosen till April 1690 and then Charles Chalmot de Saint-Ruhe, Their title "Marshal" may be just their French army rank not their place in the overall Jacobite force. In practice were they subordinate to Tyrconnell? Did James/Tyrconnell and Louis/them disagree on this?
• Williamite:
  • Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg, Commander in Chief of the 1689 expeditionary force killed at the Battle of the Boyne
  • Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms, Commander in Chief, 26 July, 1690
• Eyre Massey, 1st Baron Clarina marshal of the army in Ireland (1784–9).

Records in the PRO:

• 1360–1364 Carew MS 602, p. 5 BRIEFS of RECORDS concerning IRELAND
  • Order that, on account of the incursions of the Irish, Lionel, the King's son, Earl of Ulster, shall proceed [against them] with his army ... .—Claus. 36, Ed. III., m. 21, dorse
  • Office of Marshal there granted to Thomas De Stafford.—Pat. 38 Ed. III., p. 1, m. 39. [Page 8, which commences here, follows p. 11, being bound up in wrong order.]
• 22 April, 6 Edw. VI Carew MS 617, p. 50 Grant to Sir Nich. Bagenall, Marshal of Ireland, of all the lands belonging to the colleges of St. Mary and St. Patrick in the Newry
• 12 July, 1559 DU/VOL. I f.27; No. 14 "Sir Nicholas Bagenal, late Marshal of Ireland"
• 18 May 1566 Calendar of State Papers, Spain (Simancas), Volume 1 pp. 547-555 No. 357 "Stukeley, who I wrote had gone to Ireland with the Viceroy Sydney, has bought some estates adjoining John O'Neil's country, called Greve Castle, and also the office of marshal. The Queen will not sanction the sale of the office nor allow him to hold it, as it is of great importance in Ireland. He is very discontented thereat, although they offer him another post, but he thinks they will not let him hold the position because they believe he is a Catholic and a friend of O'Neil"
• 1st June 1566 https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/simancas/vol1/pp555-564 "The Queen will not on any account sanction the sale to Stukeley of the office of marshal in Ireland or even of the lands he has purchased adjoining O'Neil's country. The reason they give is that they cannot trust him as he is a friend of O'Neil, and might make common cause with him. The real reason probably is that they consider him a Catholic."
• "that Lord Morley was of right Earl Marshal of Ireland, and all the Irish lords in England and Ireland were leagued to live there as Catholics"
• 9 May, 1576 DE/BOX IV/57 "Letters-patent of Qu. Elizabeth granting to Walter [Devereux], Earl of Essex, the office of Earl Marshal of Ireland"
• 11 October 1579 Carew MS 597, p. 20 "Sir Nicholas Bagnall, Knight Marshal of Ireland"
• 1598 TH/VOL/VII No. 9 "mentioning also the death of Sir Richard Byngham, Marshal of Ireland, at Dublin"
• 1598 Carew MS 599 p. 213 "In 1598 [Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone] overthrew near the Blackwater her Majesty's army, where Sir Henry Bagnall, Marshal of Ireland, General of the Forces, with many-captains and gentlemen of mark and a great number of soldiers were slain."
• "Sir Chris. Blount is Marshal of Ireland, though the Queen had intended Sir Henry Broncker"
• 1615 Carew MS 600, p. 162 In a dispute over precedence "One Veldon deposed before the Lo. Deputy and Council on St. George's Day about twenty years ago" [something happened] "The now Lo. Chancellor of Ireland, the Earl of Thomond, [? and] the Knight Marshal of Ireland (acknowleged by the said Veldon to be then there) affirmed at Council table, in the sight of the said Veldon, that" [it didn't happen]. While Thomond was a major military leader in 1595, was he KM in 1595 or in 1615, or does the list enumerate 3 people, viz (1) LC (2) Thomond (3) KM ?
• https://www.british-history.ac.uk/commons-jrnl/vol2/pp383-386 Ordered, That Sir H. Mildmay shall, from this House, desire the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the Lord Marshal of Ireland, to appoint a short Day, when they will certainly repair to their several and respective Charges in Ireland; and that their Answer be returned to the Committee at Grocers-hall: And likewise to move the Lord Lieutenant presently to assign Officers to carry over the Two hundred Men designed for Duncannon Castle.
• 2 April 1647 House of Commons Journal Volume 5 pp132-133 Resolved, &c. That he that shall command the Forces of Ireland in Chief, his Title shall be Field Marshal; and his personal Entertainment, Six Pounds per diem, as Field Marshal. Resolved, &c. That Serjeant Major General Philip Skippon shall be Field Marshal of Ireland; and command the Forces in Chief.

Unclear

• WEMME, William, Marshal of Ireland, 1377 "the K.'s marshal in Ire" https://chancery.tcd.ie/document/close/50-edward-iii/52 "within that time William Wemme, marshal of Ire., took" "William Wemme, the K.'s marshal in Ire" Probably kin of Baron Boteler of Wem?

• 1378 "Robert Sudbury, marshal of Ire" "laboured in the K.'s service in his wars in Ire. with various men in his company"

• Sir Maurice FitzEustace, "Marshal of Ireland and of the Army, 1381" 25 Oct. 1384 "office of the marshalsea in Ire. and the chief place" Of Coghlanstown, County Kildare; Sheriff of Kildare 1384 and Sheriff of County Dublin 1389 and father of Richard FitzEustace. 1384 "Mac Murrough ... complained that although he was at peace, Sir Maurice FitzEustace, Edmund Perers, Robert Tame, and others of the Lord Lieutenant's retinue had seized over sixty cows"

• Sir Gerald/Garret Fleming "Eq. Aur. Marshal of Ireland" son of Christopher Fleming, 8th Baron Slane (bef. 1474–1517), great-grandfather of Patrick Fleming (1599–1631)

  Either Sir Gerald/Garret was a bastard or attainted or his parentage is wrong; any of which casts doubt on his having been Marshal. Perhaps Sir Gerald Fleming descended from further up the Baron Slane tree; can't fit in anywhere with the descendants of the 7th Baron. Davies 1948 says "The Flemings must have been collaterals of the main branch of the family, which was represented by the barons of Slane. They started in a small way in Brefny ... [Captain] Gerald Fleming [father of Patrick] died on 5/4/1615, and was succeeded by his son Thomas. The estate had passed to his kinsman Christopher, baron of Slane, before 1624.". Thomas Fleming, 2nd Baron Slane says [emph added] "He married firstly Elizabeth Presto ... they had at least two sons: Christopher Fleming, 3rd Baron Slane, and Sir William Fleming. William was the father of James Fleming, 7th Baron Slane. He married secondly Katherine Butler, who survived him." OTOH some sources describe Captain Gerald/Garret as "nephew of Thomas Fleming".

  • James Fleming, 7th Baron Slane
    • Christopher Fleming, 8th Baron Slane, 1s and h
      • James Fleming, 8th Baron Slane, only s and h
      • Sir Gerald Fleming Marshal [s per Reeves and Hogan, not per Peerage]
        • Patrick Fleming
          • Gerald Fleming
            • Christopher/Fr. Patrick Fleming
    • George Fleming 2s
      • James Fleming s and h
        • Thomas Fleming, 10th Baron Slane s and h***
    • Thomas Fleming of Derpatrick 3s
      • William Fleming of Derpatrick 1s and h
        • George Fleming [of Derpatrick], 11th Baron Slane (from 1597), s and h
          • Christopher Fleming, 12th Baron Slane (died 1625), s and h
      • Edward Fleming of Sydan 2 and youngest s
        • issue male 1625 1638

  A Sir Gerald Fleming was first grantee of the Abbey of Kells.

• Sir Osborne Ichyngham, Marshal of the Army, 'before 1540', 5 Nov., 1540. "provost marshal"

• Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex Finally (9 May 1576) he was granted the earl marshalship of Ireland, the barony of Farney, and command of the 300 soldiers.
  • Devereux 1853 on Essex:

    [p. 122] he received a grant of the barony of Farney and the honorary distinction of Earl Marshal of Ireland,

    [p. 134] The patent of Lord Essex as Earl Marshal of Ireland passed the Great Seal, and received the sign manual at Westminster on the 9th May, 1576.

    [p. 134 fn 1] The patent of the office of Earl Marshal of Ireland is printed in Liber Hiberniae, pars iv. p. 115.

  • "the empty title of Earl Marshal of Ireland"
  • Sir William Morgan (1541–1583) Essex ... in November 1573 made him marshal of his army "marshal or second in command of his army"

• Luttrell, under date of 26 Apr. 1698, says: "Dr. Gorges DIB a3537 is made Knight-Marshal of Ireland in room of John Topham, decd."

Sources

• Bartlett, Thomas; Jeffery, Keith, eds. (1997). A Military history of Ireland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-41599-6.
  • chapter=An Irish military tradition? |first1=Thomas |last1=Bartlett |first2=Keith |last2=Jeffery
  • chapter=Irish warfare before 1100 |first1=T.M. |last1= Charles-Edwards
  • chapter=Irish and Anglo-Norman warfare in twelfth-century Ireland |first1=Marie Therese |last1=Flanagan
  • chapter=The defence of the English lordship, 1250-1450 |first1=Robin |last1=Frame
  • chapter=Gaelic warfare in the Middle Ages |first1=Katharine |last1=Simms
  • chapter=The Tudors and the origins of the modern Irish states : a standing army |first1=Steven G. |last1=Ellis
  • chapter=The captains' games: army and society in Elizabethan Ireland |first1=Ciaran |last1=Brady
  • chapter=The wars of religion, 1603-1660 |first1=Jane H. |last1=Ohlmeyer
  • chapter=The Williamite war, 1689-1691 |first1=John |last1=Childs
  • chapter=The Irish military establishment, 1660-1776 |first1=Alan J. |last1=Guy
  • chapter=The defence of Protestant Ireland, 1660-1760 |first1=S. J. |last1=Connolly
  • chapter=Defence, counter-insurgency and rebellion : Ireland, 1793-1803 |first1=Thomas |last1=Bartlett
  • chapter=Irish soldiers abroad, 1600-1800 |first1=Harman |last1=Murtagh
  • chapter=Non-professional soldiery, c. 1600-1800 |first1=David W. |last1=Miller
  • chapter=Army organisation and society in the nineteenth century |first1=E.M. |last1=Spiers
  • chapter=The army and law and order in the nineteenth century |first1=Virginia |last1=Crossman
  • chapter=Militarism in Ireland, 1900-1922 |first1=David |last1=Fitzpatrick
  • chapter=The army in independent Ireland |first1=Eunan |last1=O'Halpin
  • chapter=The British army and Ireland since 1922 |first1=Keith |last1=Jeffery
• Boynton, Lindsay (1962). "The Tudor Provost-Marshal". The English Historical Review. 77 (304): 437–455. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 561322.
• Gaynor, Tony (October 2022). Commanders of the British Forces in Ireland, 1796–1922. Dublin: Four Courts Press. ISBN 978-1-80151-037-0.