User:John Troodon/Study1

View on city *Yalta*. There is "Crimean Formation"

In Crimean penninsula there is an undescribed geological formation. Its strata is from early Oxfordian to Campanian or Maastrichtian. Its paleobiota is much like that of Bissekty Formation^[1] than biota of Hateg, which is closer to it.

There are three "parts" of this formation. First dates back to Oxfordian stage of Late Jurassic. Its rocks are usually red coloured and marine^[2]. It is called Dvuyakornaya Formation^[3]. Strata of second is Turonian stage. Rock colour - grey. And the third is from Campanian. The rocks are also grey.

Dinosaurs

Most Ukrainian books state that dinosaurs didn't live in Ukraine because it was underwater during whole Mesozoic^[2]. Howewer some state something totaly different^[4]. They say that during more than a half of Mesozoic Ukraine was land.

Cretaceous

The most abundant dinosaur in this geological formation, is Turanoceratops^[5]. Material found includes: phalanges, tail vertebrae, tooth and many jaw bones. Tail vertebrae are very strange, because they have small holes in them. These "holes" are identical to those on the tail of Psittacosaurus. Scientists think, that these "holes" housed long and thin spines. If true, it is the first evidence of such "spines" in Ceratopsidae.

Theropods

Theropod remains are very uncommon in this formation. There are only two species: Alectrosaurus^[5] and member of Troodontidae^[6]. Howewer, strange puncture wounds on a Bissektipelta scute, indicate that here lived another larger predator.

Genus	Species	Material	Image
Alectrosaurus^[7]	Indeterminate	Tooth, vertebra	Alectrosaurus
Urbacodon^[5]	U.itemirensis	Tooth, vertebrae

Ankylosaurs

Ankylosaurs were more widespread than theropods. In this formation lived two members of two their families: Polacanthidae and Ankylosauridae.

Genus	Species	Material
Bissektipelta^[5]	Indeterminate	Scute
Polacanthus sp.	Indeterminate	Piece of scute, partial skeleton
Nodosaurus	Indeterminate	A scute

Other ornithischians

In this undescribed formations, were found very few ornithopod fossils. Only two species existed: Bactrosaurus^[8] and Orthomerus^[9].

But there were much more ceratopsians.

Genus	Species	Material	Images
Orthomerus	O. weberae	Piece of mandible
Bactrosaurus^[5]	B.sp.	Tooth	Bactrosaurus skeleton
Turanoceratops	T.tardabilis	Pieces of mandible, tooth, vertebrae

Other reptiles

Apart from dinosaurs, in Crimea also lived several species of marine and terestrial reptiles.

Genus	Species	Material	Images
Plesiosaurus	Indeterminate	Flipper bones
Sphenodontian	Indeterminate	Vertebra	A typical sphenodontian

Fish

Genus	Material	Notes
Mesturus	Full skeleton	Well preserved 3-4 cm fossil
Macropoma	Full skeleton	Perhaps from Jurassic deposits

Jurassic

Most of the fossils found in Jurassic deposits, south of city Yalta (this place is called "Dvuyakornaya Formation"^[3]), are encased in marble. Remains found there include: ammonites^[2], crocodiles, brachiopods^[10]. etc.

Theropods

There was found only a theropod tooth with a full root. It belongs to an early tyrannosauroid - Kileskus^[11]. Probably there also lived a Therizinosauridae.

Genus	Species	Material	Images
Falcarius?	Indeterminate	Partial skeleton

Genus	Species	Material	Images
Kileskus	Indeterminate	Tooth	Kileskus

Ornithopods

In this formation was found a rare specimen - a mummified skin of an ornithopod dinosaur.

Genus	Species	Material	Images
Dryosaurus?	Indeterminate	Skin

Mammals

Genus	Species	Material	Images
Ambondro?	Indeterminate	Jaw

Crocodyloforms

Genus	Species	Notes
Metriorhynchus	Indeterminate	Only teeth were found

Mollusks

Species	Notes
Pecten, or related species	3 cm shell
Rudist	1 cm long

Triassic

Possibly in Dvuyakornaya Formation also exist Rhaetian - Hettangian sediments, because there was found a tooth of prosauropod, like Massospondylus.

Genus	Species	Material	Images
Massospondylus	Indeterminate	Tooth	Massospondylus

Stratigraphic features

Fossils from Jurassic, in this formation, are usually embeded in red rock, possibly granite or marble.

Footnotes

^ Redman, C.M. and Leighton, L.R. (2009). "Multivariate faunal analysis of the Turonian Bissekty Formation".{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Pylypenko D. [Kyiv Ammonite][Ukrainian]. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)
^ ^a ^b V. V. Arkad’ev, A. A. Fedorova, Yu. N. Savel’eva and E. M. Tesakova. Biostratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary sediments in the Eastern Crimea.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ L.Pasenko; et al. (2010). Dovidnyk: Geographiya[Ukrainian]. "Caska". {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Weishampel; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Bissekty Formation).". {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
^ Averianov, A.O. (2007). A new troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian of Uzbekistan, with a review of troodontid records from the territories of the former Soviet Union.
^ Holtz, T.R. (2001). The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae.
^ Peter&Britt; et al. (?). "Bactrosaurus". {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
^ Riabinin A.N. Dinosaurian remains from the Upper Cretaceous of the Crimea.
^ T.N.Smirnova, D.I.McKinnon (1995). "Apodosia, an enigmatic genus of micromorphic brachiopods from Cretaceous of Crimea and Jurassic of England".
^ Averianov, A. O.; et al. (2010). A new basal coelurosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

References

"New data on ammonoids of the genus Paraulacosphinctes from the Upper Tithonian of the Mountainous Crimea"V. V. Arkadiev
"New data on Upper Kimmeridgian-Tithonian biostratigraphy and ammonites of the eastern Crimea"V. V. Arkad’ev and M. A. Rogov
["ОСТРАКОДЫ ПОГРАНИЧНЫХ СЛОЕВ ЮРЫ И МЕЛА ВОСТОЧНОГО СТРАТИГРАФИЯ И ПАЛЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ"] Е.М. Тесакова, Ю.Н. Савельева

[bis122-1] Redman, C.M. and Leighton, L.R. (2009). "Multivariate faunal analysis of the Turonian Bissekty Formation".{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[ammonuk-2] Pylypenko D. [Kyiv Ammonite][Ukrainian]. {{cite book}}: External link in |title= (help)

[amuk-3] V. V. Arkad’ev, A. A. Fedorova, Yu. N. Savel’eva and E. M. Tesakova. Biostratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary sediments in the Eastern Crimea.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[4] L.Pasenko; et al. (2010). Dovidnyk: Geographiya[Ukrainian]. "Caska". {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[weisha-5] Weishampel; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Bissekty Formation).". {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

[6] Averianov, A.O. (2007). A new troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Cenomanian of Uzbekistan, with a review of troodontid records from the territories of the former Soviet Union.

[bbt-7] Holtz, T.R. (2001). The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae.

[8] Peter&Britt; et al. (?). "Bactrosaurus". {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)

[9] Riabinin A.N. Dinosaurian remains from the Upper Cretaceous of the Crimea.

[10] T.N.Smirnova, D.I.McKinnon (1995). "Apodosia, an enigmatic genus of micromorphic brachiopods from Cretaceous of Crimea and Jurassic of England".

[11] Averianov, A. O.; et al. (2010). A new basal coelurosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Siberia. {{cite book}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)

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