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Final classes

[edit]
Basic finals
Coda Reconstructed vowel
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng Karlgren Hashimoto Pulleyblank Pan Zhengzhang
I inner hóu dōng ə̆, u u ow u u
( huī) ( hún) dōng uo o ɔ, aw o uo
hāi tán hén dēng ậ, ə ə ə ə ʌ, ə
I outer tài háo tán hán táng â ɑ a ɑ ɑ
IV outer xiāo tiān xiān qīng e e ɛ e e
Division II finals
Coda Reconstructed vowel
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng Karlgren Hashimoto Pulleyblank Pan Zhengzhang
II outer jiāng å a arw ɤɔ ɤʌ
guài, jiā yáo xián shān gēng a, ɐ a[a] ar ɤæ ɤa
II inner jiē xián shān gēng ă, ɛ ɛ ɛr ɤɛ ɤɛ
Division III finals
Coda Reconstructed vowel
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng Karlgren Hashimoto Pulleyblank Pan Zhengzhang
III outer fèi yán yuán yáng â, ɐ, a ɑ
xiāo yán
( fán)
xiān gēng a, ä, ɐ a
III inner zhī wēi yīn ï, ĕ ə ɨ
zhī zhī yōu qīn zhēn zhēng,
qīng
ĕ, i, ə̆, ə ɛ[b] E, i
III closed yóu dōng ə, u u uw ɨ, u ɨ, u
wo y ɨ ɤ ʌ > ɤ
zhōng u, wo o u, uaw o

All finals

[edit]
Middle Chinese finals
Coda
Class - -j -w -m -n -ng
Qieyun Rhyme tables dep. all
I/IV I inner hóu tán hén dēng dōng,
dōng
I outer tài hāi háo tán hán táng
IV outer xiāo tiān xiān qīng
II outer guài jiā,
jiē
yáo xián,
xián
shān,
shān
gēng,
gēng
jiāng
pure div. III inner fèi wēi yōu yīn
outer yán,
fán
yuán gēng
mixed div. III inner zhī yóu zhēng dōng,
zhōng
outer ,
yáng,
qīng
chongniu inner ,
zhī,
zhī
qīn zhēn
outer xiāo yán xiān
III inner ,
fèi wēi+ zhī,
zhī,
zhī
yōu+ yóu qīn yīn,
zhēn
zhēng dōng,
zhōng
outer ,
xiāo yán,
fán,
yán
yuán,
xiān
yáng,
gēng+ qīng

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Hashimoto has gēng as -aɲ.[1]
  2. ^ Hashimoto has qīng as -ɛɲ.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hashimoto (1966), p. 393.
  2. ^ Hashimoto (1966), p. 396.

Works cited

  • Hashimoto, Mantaro (1966), Phonology of Ancient Chinese (PhD thesis), Ohio State University.
  • Pan, Wuyun; Zhang, Hongming (2015), "Middle Chinese Phonology and Qieyun", in Wang, William S-Y.; Sun, Chaofen (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics, Oxford University Press, pp. 80–90, ISBN 978-0-1998-5633-6.
  • Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: a study in historical phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8.
  • Zhengzhang, Shangfang (2000), The Phonological system of Old Chinese, translated by Sagart, Laurent, Paris: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, ISBN 978-2-910216-04-7.