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The Neuer Markt, Vienna is one of the oldest squares in Vienna, situated in its historic center. Used for a long time as a town market, it is now best known as the location of the Capuchin Church, with its Imperial Crypt, and the Donnerbrunnen fountain.

History

The origins of the Neuer Markt, first mentioned in 1234 as novum forum, could be traced back to the Babenberg period, when Vienna underwent considerable expansion. The area must have already been densely populated by 1276, when, according to oral tradition, around 150 houses in its surroundings were destroyed by a fire. Since the Hoher Markt was no longer able to cope with the needs of the rapidly growing population of Vienna, the area assumed the role of a town market, which explains its current name ("New Market" in German). The market served as the endpoint of a route that connected with the trade centers located further south in Carinthia, Triest, and Venice, as well as a hub for trade in grain and flour (hence its old name Mehlmarkt, or "Flour Market" in German). Starting with the mid-16th century a pillory stood in the center of the square to carry out punishments of dishonest bakers; the use of the cucking stool can also be attested as early as 1440. The Neuer Markt was for centuries one of the most beautiful places of Vienna and was a long time with magnificent palaces and town houses built uniform (from the time of his uniform baroque obstruction only the houses number 13-16 have received)

At the beginning of the 19th century, the millers were still the majority of market stand operators. Only with the growing competition of new mills in the east of Vienna - which received their grains and flour per ship and sold it at another location referred to as Schanzl, did the flour and grain market in the city centre slowly lose its meaning. In the 19th century, Neuer Markt changed into a simple victuals market. The square suffered considerable damage during the WW2, with some of its buildings destroyed or replaced with the modern architecture.

The new market quickly became the end or starting point of the movement of goods from and to the south (Semmering Street; Carinthia, Trieste and Venice) as well as the main hub for grain and flour (seat of flour wholesale, existence of warehouses [Mehlgrube, before 1377 mentioned] ; later unofficial name "Mehlmarkt"). Freighter are the new market from 1298 documented, in 1320 besides grain traders also herb merchant 1429 Melbler (flour dealer). Originally likely to have been more extensive than today and have reached to the Kärntnerstraße and Seilergasse the New Market; one can assume that instead of the current row of houses between Kärntnerstrasse and the Neuer Markt were initially shops. In the center of the square was in the mid-16th century, the pillory (for those who were punished for fraud on Weights and Measures [1547]); the punishment of Bäckerschupfens was initially carried out here (1440). In the 15th and 16th centuries were the Neuer Markt also tournaments and other festivities held (stinging and race); so there was from 1477 Race of imperial Hofgesindes (last 1522 detectable). In the 16th century (1547, 1587) and most recently even in 1766 there is the shortened name Neumarkt. . were at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries to settle on the Neuer Markt puppeteer, acrobats and happiness harbor owners; 1708 established the "Wiener buffoon" Stranitzky there his comedy hut (he had previously placed on Freyung). In the 18th century held court and nobility in the New Market, the popular sleigh rides; the last one, especially glorious Hofschlittenfahrt took place in Congress year 1815th In the 16th century were on the Neuer Markt two wells; after their removal (1738) 1739 in the course mid Donnerbrunnen (Providentiabrunnen) was built. After the electrification of the tram individual lines were led to a new market (on 28 March 1907, the line 61 [until August 18, 1918], 16 April 1911, the line 59 [to 10 October 1942], on 16 November 1914 line 58 [until October 10, 1942]); the final abandonment of the route Ring Tegetthoffstraße-Neuer Markt in 1948 (it was the only tram line, which was conducted some decades up to the vicinity of St. Stephen's Square).