Ithell Colquhoun

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Ithell Colquhoun
Song of Songs 1933
Born	Margaret Ithell Colquhoun 9 October 1906 Shillong, Eastern Bengal and Assam, British India
Died	11 April 1988 (aged 81) Cornwall
Nationality	British
Known for	Surrealist painter and author

Ithell Colquhoun (9 October 1906 – 11 April 1988) was a British painter, occultist, and author. Stylistically her artwork was surrealist in content and for a brief time she was part of the organised British surrealist movement.

She was born in Shillong, Eastern Bengal and Assam, British India. From the 1930s to her death, her work was exhibited widely in Britain and Germany.

Biography

Head 1931 (Self Portrait) Margaret Ithell Colquhoun was born in Shillong, Eastern Bengal and Assam, British India. Her parents were Henry Colquhoun, an assistant to the ambassador in Manipur, and his wife Georgia. Colquhoun was educated in Rodwell, near Weymouth, Dorset before attending Cheltenham Ladies' College. There she studied topics such as the cabbala and the occult.^[1]

Colquhoun did take some art courses, but she was largely self-taught.^[2] Colquhoun studied for a period at the Slade School of Art in London, under Henry Tonks and Randolph Schwabe, before travelling to France in 1931. It was in Paris that she discovered surrealism and was especially influenced by the works of Salvador Dalí. Another influence on Colquhoun was the psychomorphological works of Roberto Matta and Onslow Ford. Her first one-woman exhibition of works was at Cheltenham Art Gallery in 1936. Soon after, she joined the political group, Artists' International Association. She took part in the 1939 exhibition Living Art in Englandon an independent basis, but that same year she met Breton in Paris and joined the English surrealist group.^[2] By 1939, Colquhoun had joined the English Surrealist Group and in June she and Roland Penrose showed their works in a joint exhibition at Mayor Gallery. There they created a scandal by asking a vagrant to sit in the window.^[1]

Colquhoun published a variety of critical writing and 'automatic prose' on the London Bulletin.

In 1940, E. L. T. Mesens, head of the English Surrealist Group, expelled her from the group for carrying on with occult research. She became a member of the Druidic Order and the Order of the Stella Matutina, both occult groups. After the 1950s, she was regarded as a 'fantamagiste', an unorthodox surrealist who focused on the occult.^[1]

Works

"In her paintings, drawings, constructions, prose, and poetry, the organic and the inorganic, the masculine and the feminine, the earthly and the spiritual join in often strongly erotic, if not outspokenly sexual, encounters, in an attempt to fuse with the forces of the beyond."

Colquhoun's early works included a series of enlarged images of flora, occupying the full canvas and painted almost photographically. By the late 1930s, she had painted two significant pieces; Scylla in 1938, whose joined rocks in the water creates the impression of a "feminine opening" whilst also showing phallic imagery, and Rivières tièdes which shows liquids flowing from a Mediterranean church.^[1]

In the 1940s, Colquhoun's works were experiments to explore consciousness and the subconscious. She did this by using recognised methods such as decalcomania, fumage, frottage and collage. Colquhoun went further, developing new techniques such as superautomatism, stillomanay, parsemage, and entoptic graphomania writing about them in her article The mantic stain.^[1]

Three works which stand out during the 1940s are The Pine Family, which deals with dismemberment and castration, A Visitation which shows a flat heart shape with multicoloured beams of light and Dreaming Leaps, a homage to Sonia Araquistain.^[1] Colquhoun did not define herself as a Surrealist artist, as she only took part in a single Surrealist exhibit. Instead she considered herself "independent"^[3]

She has also published poetry (Grimoire of the Entangled Thicket [1973], Ozmazone [1983]) and tales of her travels in Ireland and Cornwall.^[2]

Reception and legacy

Colquhoun gained an early reputation within the British Surrealist movement yet later became better known as an occultist.^[4] Although her work has largely been discussed in terms of its connection to Surrealism, mostly due to her longterm association with André Breton and interest in automatism, Colquhoun sometimes maintained her independence from the movement. In 1939, the same year she joined the English Surrealist group, she had described herself as an 'independent artist' in a review for the London Bulletin. ^[1]

In 2012, the scholar Amy Hale noted that Colquhoun "is becoming recognized as one of the most interesting and prolific esoteric thinkers and artists of the twentieth century".^[4] Hale noted that through Colquhoun's work "we can see an interplay of themes and movements which characterizes the trajectory of certain British subcultures ranging from Surrealism to the Earth Mysteries movement and also gives us a rare insight into the thoughts and processes of a working magician."^[4]

Personal life

Colquhoun lived with artist and critic Toni del Renzio in London during World War II, marrying him in July 1940 and divorced him in the late 1940s.

Living in Hampstead, London in the 1940s, Colquhoun moved to Cornwall 1957, where she already had a studio in Penzance. She remained in Cornwall until her death on 11 April 1988.^[1]

Bibliography

Salvo for Russia, 1942 (contributor)
The Fortune Anthology, 1942 (contributor)
The Crying of the Wind: Ireland, 1955
The Living Stones: Cornwall, 1957
Goose of Hermogenes, 1961
Grimoire Of The Entangled Thicket (1973)
Sword Of Wisdom - MacGregor Mathers and the Golden Dawn, 1975
The Rosie Crucian Secrets: Their Excellent Method of Making Medicines of Metals Also Their Lawes and Mysteries, 1985 (provides introduction)
The Magical Writings of Ithell Colquhoun, 2007 (edited by Steve Nichols)
Ithell Colquhoun: Magician Born of Nature, 2009/2011 (by Richard Shillitoe)
Decad of Intelligence, 2016
Taro As Colour, 2018

References

Footnotes

^ Gaze, Delia (1997). Dictionary of Woman Artists Volume 1. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 412. ISBN I-884964-21-4. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)

Sources

External links

Official site
Entry on Ithell Colquhoun at the World Religions and Spirituality Project
Ithell Colquhoun at the Tate Gallery Archive

[1] Gaze, Delia (1997). Dictionary of Woman Artists Volume 1. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 412. ISBN I-884964-21-4. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)

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