Draft:Floating architecture

• Comment: ... the first source doesn't even support the origin and history part.
  This article is patently WP:LLM and deserves to be WP:TNT and restarted with actual human words.
  Please do not use ChatGPT or another LLM software like this, its hard enough to review articles especially when it hallucinates facts that aren't supported by the sources you cite. Bluethricecreamman (talk) 14:37, 25 July 2024 (UTC)

• Comment: This article requires significant rewrites. A copyvio report suggests overlap with the first article.
  Also, checking the texts in gptzero.me suggests that significant portions of the text are AI generated (which explains the weird cadence and somewhat poor readability), in particular "Origins and Evolution". Please do not use AI to generate text as per WP:LLM.
  I'll give this draft some more copy editting soon. Bluethricecreamman (talk) 18:44, 24 July 2024 (UTC)

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Floating architecture, also known as floatation architecture or amphibious architecture, are methods for construction that mitigate against flooding or sea level change by not being bound to bedrock.

Origins and Evolution

One of the earliest modern examples of floating architecture can be traced back to the Netherlands, a country renowned for its expertise in water management. The Dutch have a long history of building on water, with structures such as houseboats and floating farms dating back centuries. In response to the threat of rising sea levels and flooding, Dutch architects and engineers pioneered innovative solutions, including floating houses, offices, and even entire neighborhoods.

Design Principles

A technique for controlling floods known as "amphibious architecture" turn an "ordinary structure" to float on the surface where it can float when the water levels rise during a flood. According to amphibious house is a building that is built on solid ground, has a buoyant foundation, and can float higher when the water level rises. According to Barker and Coutts, an amphibious house is a structure that, in dry weather, is raised in its dock and floats, but in floods, it sits on the ground.

Methods

In order to locate passive and sustainable design strategies that apply to the research and can be found in biological systems, this strategy uses a problem-based biomimetic approach to design. The biological systems that have been uncovered possess traits that can be imitated to create floatable, long-lasting amphibious foundation elements. An abstract representation of pertinent biological systems was created to show how they may be applied to the construction of amphibious foundations. The goal is to comprehend how these biological systems continually and passively respond to their surroundings, adapting, and how these features might be mimicked in design.

Elevate Above the Flood Level

Initially, to reduce damage in the event of a flood, architects should build the structure above the flood level. Programs like the FEMA-run Estimated Base Flood Elevation Viewer can be used to find the online flood level elevation for a given place. Using this data, architects can determine how high to lift the building and how best to accomplish it. The construction of the structure on stilts or columns is a popular method of elevating. The sturdy foundation can just be lifted higher in different circumstances. Architects should evaluate the climate and flood history of their region and refer to internet resources, like guidebooks on coastal construction.

Build with Flood Resistant Material

Materials that can withstand at least 72 hours in floodwaters without suffering major harm are considered flood-resistant. Both hydrostatic (standing water) and hydrodynamic (moving water) floods are possible, and they typically cause scouring, collapsing structures, displaced foundation walls, floating fuel tanks, and other problems. "Significant damage" refers to any damage that calls for more effort than simple cleaning or inexpensive cosmetic fixes like painting. Flood-resistant materials need to be strong and resistant to high humidity to stop these damages. Concrete, brick, steel hardware, foam and closed-cell insulation, pressure-treated and marine-grade plywood, ceramic tile, water-resistant glue, and polyester epoxy paint.

Apply Coatings, Sealants, and Waterproof Veneer

There are two varieties of floodproofing: wet and dry. While wet floodproofing permits floodwaters to enter the home, dry floodproofing keeps them out. Waterproof veneers, sealants, and coatings fall under the former category because they keep water out of the inside. In order to prevent water from penetrating the external walls, a waterproof veneer may be made of a layer of brick supported by a waterproof membrane. Architects should utilize washable closed-cell foam insulation in interior walls that are below flood level. Similar to this, as these holes are rarely made to be watertight or able to withstand flood loads as is, coatings and sealants may be put to the foundation, walls, windows, and entrances to stop flood water from entering the house through cracks.

Anchor Fuel Tanks

Floodwaters can readily shift unanchored gasoline tanks, posing a risk of driving the tank into walls, causing damage to nearby properties, and possibly contaminating the water if the supply line breaks and spills oil into it. Buoyancy can force even subterranean tanks to the surface. Fuel tanks must therefore be secured, either by strapping them to ground anchors or by fastening them to concrete slabs that are heavy enough to withstand the forces of floodwaters.

Contemporary Applications

Netherlands

The Netherlands' existence is based on water, with over half of its land being at or below sea level. There are 32 amphibious and 14 floating dwellings built in a recreation area along the Maas River. The residences are supported by underground moorings and guideposts and can rise from their foundations thanks to their floating hulls. Through a flexible piping system, the residences are connected to the electricity and sewer facilities even when they are afloat. The house's low center of gravity adds stability, and the fastenings to the mooring posts restrict motion from the water.

Landprocess: Chulalongkorn University Centenary Park, Thailand

In response to Bangkok's flooding, Landprocess designed Centenary Park, an urban green space in a climate-sensitive city. With its expansive green roof, Centenary Park, in contrast to other public parks in Bangkok, invites water management and satisfies the requirement for urban green space. The geography of Centenary Park allows rainwater to percolate downward, generating a water circulation system there. Thus, Centenary Park's filtration system uses a variety of ecological design elements to purify the water. Sitting at a steady 3-degree slope, Centenary Park's architecture and environmental impact extend beyond Thailand. From Centenary Park's highest point, the green roof, users may see views of Bangkok. As a result, Centenary Park has communication with all residents in the city. Below the green.

The LIFT House, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Prithula Prosun planned and built the LIFT (Low Income Floor-proof Technology) House as a master's thesis project aimed at developing a novel flood-resistant dwelling option for Dhaka's urban poor. As the water level rises, the home floats upward and descends to the earth as the water recedes. A bamboo-framed foundation filled with used plastic water bottles is used in conjunction with a hollow Ferro-cement base to provide buoyancy.

The Float House, New Orleans

The Float House is a prototype for a prefabricated, self-sufficient home that can withstand flood waters produced by powerful storms, designed in the wake of the disastrous hurricane Katrina. Mass-produced, Morphosis Architects' affordable housing concept pays homage to New Orleans' distinct cultural identity and thriving environment. Like the vibrant local vernacular homes, the Float House is raised on a 4-foot base that doubles as a porch. The base functions as a raft propelled by steel masts, and the house only rises on its guideposts in the event of extreme flooding.