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Bevemovirus

Bevemovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Potyviridae. A new virus was isolated from a bellflower (Campanula takesimana) plant located in a public park in Suwon, South Korea (Seo et al., 2017). Like macluraviruses, members of the type species, Bellflower veinal mottle virus, lack the P1 region of most potyvirids. The HC-Pro lacks the conserved potyvirus aphid transmission motifs R/KITC and PTK. Isolates of bellflower veinal mottle virus share low (22–27%) nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities to macluraviruses.

Bellflower veinal mottle virus
Scientific classification
Phylum:	incertae sedis
Class:	incertae sedis
Order:	incertae sedis
Family:	Potyviridae
Genus:	Bevemovirus
Species:	Bellflower veinal mottle virus

Genome

The viral genome consists of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA of 8,259 ribonucleotides. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the viral genome is packaged as a filamentous particle with an average length of approximately 760 nm. BLAST searches of protein databases showed that the encoded polyprotein has a maximum amino acid sequence identity of 34.1% (with 95% coverage) to that of the isolate AD of Chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus (CYNMV; genus Macluravirus). Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the encoded amino acid sequences with those of other viruses demonstrated that the identified virus shows minimal sequence similarity to known viruses and should therefore be considered a member of a new genus in the family Potyviridae.

Gene Expression

The virion RNA is infectious and serves as both the genome and viral messenger RNA. The genomic RNA is translated into polyprotein subsequently processed into functional products.

Genome Replication

Like most Potyviridae, genome Replication takes place in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The virus releases the viral genomic RNA into the cytoplasm after uncoating and penetrating into the host cell. In the host cell, the viral RNA is translated to produce a polyprotein which is processed by viral proteases into the RdRp protein and structural proteins. A dsRNA genome is synthesized from the genomic ssRNA(+). The dsRNA genome is transcribed/replicated thereby providing viral mRNAs/new ssRNA(+) genomes. The virus assembly also takes place in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The viral movement protein P3N-PIPO then mediates virion cell-to-cell transfer.

Genome Structure

Bevemovirus is a monopartite, linear, ssRNA(+) genome about 8.3kb in size. 3' terminus has a poly (A) tract. 5' terminus has a genome-linked protein (VPg). It is non-enveloped, flexuous, filamentous, of 760nm lengths x 12-15 nm in diameter with helical symmetry.