User:Mitchumch/Mobile movement

Mobile movement
Part of the Civil Rights Movement
Location	Mobile, Alabama
Resulted in	City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980)
Parties
Non-Partisan Voters League (NPVL) Neighborhood Organized Workers (NOW)
Lead figures
NPVL member John L. LeFlore NOW member Noble Beasley, president

Notable subtopics

• Mobile bus boycott
• Noble Beasley and Neighborhood Organized Workers (NOW)
• Formation of Negro Voters and Veterans Association by African-American WWII veterans in Mobile
• Mobile County public school desegregation crisis
  • Birdie Mae Davis v. Board of School Commissioners, Mobile County, Alabama - longest-running secondary school desegregation case in American history
• Father Albert Foley

See also

• Mobile, Alabama#20th century
• City of Mobile v. Bolden
• John L. LeFlore
• Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
• University of Alabama#History
• Vivian Malone Jones
• Murphy High School (Mobile, Alabama)

Further reading

Books

• Bivens, Shawn A. (2004). Mobile Alabama’s People of Color: A Tricentennial History, 1702- 2002. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 9781412002172.
• Foley, S.J., Albert J. (1980). "Mobile Alabama: The Demise of State Sanctioned Resistance". In Willie, Charles V.; Greenblatt, Susan L. (eds.). In Community Politics and Educational Change: Ten School Systems under Court Order. New York: Longman. pp. 174–207. ISBN 9780582281479.
• Frankenberg, Erica (2005). "The Impact of School Segregation on Residential Housing Patterns: Mobile, Alabama and Charlotte, North Carolina". In Boger, John Charles; Orfield, Gary (eds.). School Resegregation: Must the South Turn Back?. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 164–184. ISBN 9780807856130.
• Gonzales, James Joullian (2007). Gunny: Memoirs of Mobile's South Side Riding Alabama's Tide of White Supremacy. Greenwood Village, Colorado: Academy Books. ISBN 9780979471414.
• Jones, Marjorie K.; McAdory, Denise (2004). Who Are You, Staking a Claim in This Land?. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 9781553695103.
• Mahan, Howard; Newman, Joseph, eds. (1982). The Future of Public Education in Mobile. Mobile, Alabama: The South Alabama Review.
• Nicholls, Keith (2001). "Politics and Civil Rights in Post-World War II Mobile". In Thomason, Michael V. R. (ed.). Mobile: The New History of Alabama's First City. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 9780817310653.
• Pride, Richard A. (2002). The Political Use of Racial Narratives: School Desegregation in Mobile, Alabama, 1954-97, Volume 2. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252075940.
• Robinson, Kenneth Anthony (2013). Port City Crusader: John LeFlore and the Non-Partisan Voters League in Mobile, Alabama. Mobile, Alabama: Mod Mobilian Press. ISBN 9780984890934.
• Watson, Bama Wathan (1971). History of Barton Academy. Mobile, Alabama: The Haunted Book Shop.

Biography

• Pride, Richard Alan (1995). The Confession of Dorothy Danner: Telling a Life. Nashville, Tennessee: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN 9780826512703.

Autobiographies and memoirs

• Butler, Rosemary Braziel; Bechtel, Lenore Vinyard (2005). Rosemary's Journey: Surviving Segregation with Privileged Pizzazz. Mobile, Alabama: Rosemary Braziel Butler.
• Horton, Leonard (2005). The Centralians, 1947-1970. Roanoke, Virginia: Buck Publishing. ISBN 9780972591232.
• Richardson, Frederick Douglas (2012). From Nymph to Mobile and Beyond: The Impossible Dream. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781467972949.
• Richardson, Frederick Douglas, Jr. (1978). The Genesis and Exodus of NOW. New York: Vantage. ISBN 9781497556577.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Dissertations and theses

• Ahmed, Nahfiza (1999). Race, Class and Citizenship: The Civil Rights Struggle in Mobile, Alabama, 1925-85 (PDF). Leicester, England: (Thesis) University of Leicester.
• Broughton, Timothy M. (2003). Campaign for Freedom: The Civil Rights Movement in Mobile, Alabama 1942-1963. (Dissertation) Clark Atlanta University.
• Case, Delene M. (2004). Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around': The Black Freedom Struggle in Mobile, Alabama, 1902-1969. (Thesis) University of South Alabama.
• Dow, Patsy Busby (1993). Joseph N. Langan: Mobile's Racial Diplomat. (Thesis) University of South Alabama.
• Duke, Brian Andrew (2009). The Strange Career of Birdie Mae Davis: A History of a School Desegregation Lawsuit in Mobile, Alabama, 1963-1997 (PDF). Auburn, Alabama: (Thesis) Auburn University.
• Duke, Eric D. (1998). A Life in the Struggle: John L. LeFlore and the Civil Rights Movement in Mobile, Alabama (1925-1975). (Thesis) Florida State University.
• Ellis, Carol (2002). The Tragedy of the White Moderate: Father Albert Foley and Alabama Civil Rights, 1963-1967. (MA Thesis) University of South Alabama.
• Fourneir, Hazel (1977). An In-Service Program to Resolve the Issues Related to Desegregation and Sex Discrimination in the Mobile County Public Schools. (Ed. S. Thesis) Alabama State University.
• Frankenberg, Erica (2001). "The Problem of the Color Line" : An Examination of School Desegregation and its Effects on Educational Opportunity in Mobile, Alabama. Dartmouth College.
• Kirkland, Scotty E. (2009). Pink Sheets and Black Ballots: Politics and Civil Rights in Mobile, Alabama, 1945-1985. (Thesis) University of South Alabama.
• Padgett, Charles Stephen (2000). Schooled in Invisibility: The Desegretation of Spring HIll College, Mobile, Alabama, 1948-1963. Athens, Georgia: (Dissertation) University of Georgia.
• Wilson, Peter Aaron (1998). School Integration and Political Culture: The Busing Decision in Mobile County, Alabama, 1968-1973. (Thesis) University of South Alabama.

Journals

• Ahmed, Nahfiza (Fall 1999). "A City Too Respectable to Hate: Mobile during the Era of Desegregation, 1961-1965". Gulf South Historical Review. 15 (1): 49–67.
• Ahmed, Nahfiza (1999). "The Neighborhood Organized Workers of Mobile Alabama: Black Power and Local Civil Rights Activism in the Deep South, 1968-1971". Southern Historian. 20: 25–40.
• McLaurin, Melton A. (1974). Ted, Carageorge; Gilliam, Thomas J. (eds.). "Mobile Blacks and World War II: The Development of a Political Consciousness". Gulf Coast Politics in the Twentieth Century. Pensacola, Florida: Historic Pensacola Preservation Board: 47–56.
• Nelson, Bruce (December 1993). "Organized Labor and the Struggle for Black Equality in Mobile During World War II". Journal o f American History. 80 (3): 863–912. doi:10.2307/2080410.
• Nicholls, Keith (Spring 1993). "The Non-Partisan Voters' League of Mobile, Alabama: Its Founding and Major Accomplishments". Gulf Coast Historical Review. 8 (2): 74–88.

Newspapers

• Kirkland, Scotty E. (February 13, 2011). "Insight: Oversimplifying Mobile's Civil Rights History". AL.com. Alabama Media Group. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
• Liesch, Dale (November 5, 2014). "Friends Remember NOW Founder Noble Beasley as 'Courageous Leader'". Lagniappe. Lagniappe/Something Extra Publishing. Retrieved 19 July 2015.

External links

• Non-Partisan Voters League Records, The Doy Leale McCall Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Aabama.
• African-American History Research Sources at The McCall Library, The Doy Leale McCall Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Aabama.
• Delene Case interviews, The Civil Rights History Project: Survey of Collections and Repositories, University of South Alabama. Part of the Library of Congress.
• John LeFlore Article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama, provided by the Alabama Humanities Foundation.
• Neighborhood Organized Workers of Mobile (NOW) Article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama, provided by the Alabama Humanities Foundation.
• Albert Foley Jr. Article in the Encyclopedia of Alabama, provided by the Alabama Humanities Foundation.
• Scotty Kirkland - Authoritative scholar on Mobile, Alabama during Civil Rights Movement