User:Mr. Ibrahem/Aphthous stomatitis
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| Aphthous stomatitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Canker sore, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, recurring oral aphthae, recurrent aphthous ulceration |
 | |
| Canker sore on the lower lip | |
| Specialty | Oral medicine, dermatology |
| Symptoms | Painful, clearly defined, mouth ulcers[1] |
| Complications | Dehydration[1] |
| Usual onset | Childhood, early adulthood[1] |
| Duration | Recurrent[1] |
| Causes | Unclear[2] |
| Risk factors | Lack of sleep, emotional stress, local injury, certain foods or medications, menstruation, nutritional deficiencies[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Herpes simplex, herpangina, erythema multiforme, mouth cancer[2][1] |
| Frequency | ~20% of people to some degree[3] |
Aphthous stomatitis, also known as canker sores, is characterized by the repeated formation of painful ulcers inside the mouth.[1] Burning may be present at the site a day or two before they appears.[1] The ulcers are generally less than 3 cm in diameter, have a clearly defined border, and grey base.[1] They generally heal within 2 weeks.[1] Fever and swollen lymph nodes are generally absent.[1] Episodes may occur 3–6 times per year.[4]
The cause is usually unclear.[2] Outbreaks may be triggered by lack of sleep, emotional stress, local injury, certain foods or medications, menstruation, and nutritional deficiencies.[2] They may occur as part of Behcet syndrome, lupus, or inflammatory bowel disease.[1] The underlying mechanism is believed to involve a T cell-mediated immune response.[1] It is non-contagious.[1] Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms.[1]
There is no cure.[2] Treatments may include benzocaine, bismuth subsalicylate, chlorhexidine, corticosteroids, or amlexanox applied to the ulcers.[1] Occasionally the lesions may be treated with silver nitrate.[2] Severe cases may be treated with tetracycline, colchicine, methotrexate, or corticosteroids by mouth.[2]
About 20% of people are affected to some degree.[3] Females are affected more often than males.[1] The onset is often during childhood or early adulthood and becomes less common with age.[1] The term is from Greek: αφθα, translit. aphtha meaning "ulcer" and "stomat" meaning "pertaining to the mouth".[5][6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Plewa, MC; Chatterjee, K (January 2020). "Aphthous Stomatitis". PMID 28613713.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h "Aphthous ulcer". dermnetnz.org. DermNet NZ. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
- ^ a b Bruch, Jean M.; Treister, Nathaniel (2009). Clinical Oral Medicine and Pathology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 53. ISBN 9781603275200. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
- ^ Altenburg A, Zouboulis CC (September 2008). "Current concepts in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis". Skin Therapy Letter. 13 (7): 1–4. PMID 18839042. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
- ^ Domino, Frank J. (2013). The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1274. ISBN 978-1-4511-8850-9. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.
- ^ The World Book Dictionary. World Book .com. 2003. p. 2062. ISBN 978-0-7166-0299-6. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved February 15, 2021.