User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome

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Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
People with CHS often find some relief with hot showers[1]
SpecialtyToxicology
SymptomsNausea, vomiting, stomach pain[2]
ComplicationsKidney failure, electrolyte problems, skin burns from hot water[1]
CausesLong term cannabis use[2]
Diagnostic methodBased on the symptoms[1]
Differential diagnosisCyclical vomiting syndrome[1]
TreatmentStopping cannabis, hot showers[2]
MedicationCapsaicin cream[1]
Frequency2.7 million per year (US)[1]

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is recurrent nausea, vomiting, and cramping abdominal pain due to cannabis use.[3] These symptoms may improve temporarily by taking a hot shower or bath.[1] Complications may include kidney failure, electrolyte problems, and skin burns from hot water.[1] At least two deaths have been associated with CHS.[1][4][5]

Weekly cannabis use is generally required for the syndrome to occur.[1] The underlying mechanism is unclear, with several possibilities proposed.[1] Diagnosis is based on the symptoms.[1] The condition is typically present for some time before the diagnosis is made.[1] Another condition that may present similarly is cyclic vomiting syndrome.[1]

Definitive treatment involves stopping use of cannabis.[1] Up to two weeks may be required to see a benefit.[1] Treatments during an episode of vomiting is generally supportive in nature.[1] There is tentative evidence for the use of capsaicin cream on the abdomen during an acute episode.[1]

The number of people affected is unclear.[6] Of those who go to the emergency department in the United States with recurrent vomiting, about 6% have the condition.[1] The syndrome was first described in 2004, and simplified diagnostic criteria published in 2009.[7][8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Chocron, Y; Zuber, JP; Vaucher, J (19 July 2019). "Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 366: l4336. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4336. PMID 31324702.
  2. ^ a b c Sullivan, S (May 2010). "Cannabinoid hyperemesis". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology. 24 (5): 284–5. doi:10.1155/2010/481940. PMC 2886568. PMID 20485701.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ Sorensen, Cecilia J.; DeSanto, Kristen; Borgelt, Laura; Phillips, Kristina T.; Monte, Andrew A. (20 December 2016). "Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment—a Systematic Review". Journal of Medical Toxicology. 13 (1): 71–87. doi:10.1007/s13181-016-0595-z. PMC 5330965. PMID 28000146.
  4. ^ Rudavsky, Shari. "He loved weed. Then the vomiting began. Months later, he died". USA TODAY. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  5. ^ Soota, Kaartik; Lee, Ye-Jin; Schouweiler, Katie; Keeney, Matthew; Nashelsky, Marcus; Holm, Adrian (October 2016). "Cases of Death Secondary to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: 2217". American Journal of Gastroenterology. pp. S1063. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  6. ^ Lu, ML; Agito, MD (July 2015). "Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Marijuana is both antiemetic and proemetic". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 82 (7): 429–34. doi:10.3949/ccjm.82a.14023. PMID 26185942.
  7. ^ Allen, J H; De Moore, GM; Heddle, R; Twartz, JC (2004). "Cannabinoid hyperemesis: Cyclical hyperemesis in association with chronic cannabis abuse". Gut. 53 (11): 1566–70. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.036350. PMC 1774264. PMID 15479672.
  8. ^ Sontineni, Siva-P; Chaudhary, S; Sontineni, V; Lanspa, SJ (2009). "Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Clinical diagnosis of an underrecognized manifestation of chronic cannabis abuse". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (10): 1264–6. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.1264. PMC 2658859. PMID 19291829.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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