User:Mr. Ibrahem/Clopidogrel
 | |
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /kləˈpɪdəɡrɛl, kloʊ-/[1] |
| Trade names | Plavix, others[2] |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a601040 |
| License data |
|
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | By mouth |
| Drug class | Thienopyridine, antiplatelet[4] |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | >50% |
| Protein binding | 94–98% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Onset of action | 2 hours[4] |
| Elimination half-life | 7–8 hours (inactive metabolite) |
| Duration of action | 5 days[4] |
| Excretion | 50% kidney 46% biliary |
| Identifiers | |
| |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H16ClNO2S |
| Molar mass | 321.82 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
| (verify) | |
Clopidogrel, sold under the trade name Plavix among others,[2] is an antiplatelet medication used to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke in those at high risk.[4] It is also used together with aspirin in heart attacks and following the placement of a coronary artery stent (dual antiplatelet therapy).[4] It is taken by mouth.[4] Onset of effects is about two hours and lasts for five days.[4]
Common side effects include headache, nausea, easy bruising, itching, and heartburn.[4] More severe side effects include bleeding and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.[4] While there is no evidence of harm from use during pregnancy, such use has not been well studied.[3] Clopidogrel is in the thienopyridine-class of antiplatelets.[4] It works by irreversibly inhibiting a receptor called P2Y12 on platelets.[4]
Clopidogrel was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1997.[6][7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[8] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.77–31.59 per month.[9] In the United States, a month of treatment costs less than US$25.[10] In 2017, it was the 40th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 19 million prescriptions.[11][12]
References[edit]
- ^ "Clopidogrel". Lexico Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
- ^ a b "Clopidogrel International brand names". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ a b c "Clopidogrel (Plavix) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Clopidogrel Bisulfate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ "Plavix- clopidogrel bisulfate tablet, film coated". DailyMed. Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals Partnership. 17 May 2019. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
- ^ Fischer, Janos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 453. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Clopidogrel Bisulfate". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 147. ISBN 9781284057560.
- ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Clopidogrel Bisulfate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 23 December 2019. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.