User:Mr. Ibrahem/Ganciclovir

Mr. Ibrahem/Ganciclovir
Clinical data
Pronunciation	/ɡænˈsaɪkləvɪər/
Trade names	Cytovene; Cymevene; Vitrasert; others
Other names	Ganciclovir sodium; gancyclovir; DHPG; 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine
AHFS/Drugs.com	Systemic: Monograph; Eye drop: Monograph
MedlinePlus	a605011
License data	US DailyMed: Ganciclovir;
Pregnancy; category	AU: D; ;
Routes of; administration	Intravenous, eye drop, by mouth, intravitreal
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only); UK: POM (Prescription only); US: ℞-only;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	5% (by mouth)
Metabolism	guanylate kinase (CMV UL97 gene product)
Elimination half-life	2.5–5 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 2-Amino-9-(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yloxymethyl)-3H-purin-6-one;
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C9H13N5O4
Molar mass	255.234 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	250 °C (482 °F) (dec.)
	SMILES O=C2/N=C(\Nc1n(cnc12)COC(CO)CO)N;
	InChI InChI=1S/C9H13N5O4/c10-9-12-7-6(8(17)13-9)11-3-14(7)4-18-5(1-15)2-16/h3,5,15-16H,1-2,4H2,(H3,10,12,13,17) ; Key:IRSCQMHQWWYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Ganciclovir, sold under the brand name Cytovene among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent cytomegalovirus disease (CMV).^[1] This includes CMV retinitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis, and congenital CMV disease.^[3] It may also be used for certain VZV infections of the eye.^[3] It is given by injection into a vein or the eye.^[1] It may also be used as eye drops.^[2]

Common side effects when given by injection include low white blood cells, low platelets, low red blood cells, fever, diarrhea, increased sweating, headache, and kidney problems.^[3] Other side effects may include infertility and cancer.^[3] Use in pregnancy may harm the baby.^[3] It is a nucleoside analog of guanine.^[3]

Ganciclovir was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1988.^[4] In the United Kingdom a 500 mg vial costs the NHS about £30 as of 2021.^[1] This amount in the United States is about 70 USD.^[5]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 676. ISBN 978-0857114105.
^ ^a ^b "Ganciclovir Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Ganciclovir Sodium Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 504. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
^ "Ganciclovir Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[BNF81-1] BNF 81: March-September 2021. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. 2021. p. 676. ISBN 978-0857114105.

[Eye2021-2] "Ganciclovir Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[AHFS2021-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Ganciclovir Sodium Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[Fis2006-4] Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 504. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2021-06-28.

[5] "Ganciclovir Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

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