User:Mr. Ibrahem/Immunoglobulin therapy
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Flebogamma, Gammagard, Hizentra, others |
| Other names | normal human immunoglobulin (HNIG), human normal immunoglobulin (HNIG) |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| License data | |
| Routes of administration | Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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Immunoglobulin therapy, also known as normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG), is the use of a mixture of antibodies (immunoglobulins) to treat a number of health conditions.[1][3] These conditions include primary immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Kawasaki disease, certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and certain other infections when a more specific immunoglobulin is not available.[1] Depending on the formulation it can be given by injection into muscle, a vein, or under the skin.[1] The effects last a few weeks.[3]
Common side effects include pain at the site of injection, muscle pain, and allergic reactions.[1] Other severe side effects include kidney problems, anaphylaxis, blood clots, and red blood cell breakdown.[1] Use is not recommended in people with some types of IgA deficiency.[1] Use appears to be relatively safe during pregnancy.[1] Human immunoglobulin is made from human blood plasma.[1] It contains antibodies against many viruses.[3]
Human immunoglobulin therapy first occurred in the 1930s and a formulation for injection into a vein was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[5] Each formulation of product is somewhat different.[3] In the United Kingdom a dose cost the NHS between 11 and 1,200 pounds depending on the type and amount.[3] A number of specific immunoglobulin formulations are also available including for hepatitis B, rabies, tetanus, varicella infection, and Rh positive blood exposure.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Immune Globulin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 867–871. ISBN 9780857111562.
- ^ Etzioni, Amos; Ochs, Hans D. (2014). Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Historic and Scientific Perspective. Academic Press. pp. 283–284. ISBN 9780124115545. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.