User:Mr. Ibrahem/Oppositional defiant disorder
| Oppositional defiant disorder | |
|---|---|
| Video explanation | |
| Specialty | Psychiatry, pediatrics |
| Symptoms | Irritable mood, defiant behavior, vindictiveness[1][2] |
| Usual onset | Childhood[1] |
| Duration | > 6 months[2] |
| Types | Mild, moderate, severe[2] |
| Causes | Genetic, environmental, and social factors[1] |
| Risk factors | Child abuse, poverty, poor peer group[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Conduct disorder, ADHD, mood disorder[1] |
| Treatment | Cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, school support[1] |
| Frequency | 2 to 11%[1] |
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a childhood disorder that involves problems with control of emotions and behavior.[1] It presents with a long term pattern of an irritable mood, defiant behavior, and vindictiveness towards others.[1][2] Complications may include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, conduct disorder, and substance misuse.[1]
The underlying cause is believed to involve genetic, environmental, and social factors.[1] It is believed that about half the risk for the condition is genetic.[1] Other risk factors include child abuse, poverty, and poor peer group.[1] Diagnosis is based on a discussion with the people who interact with the child.[1] A number of assessment tools may help in making the diagnosis.[1] ODD differs from conduct disorder in that the symptoms are less severe.[1]
Management may include parent training, school support, and cognitive behavioral therapy.[1] If this is not sufficiently effective antipsychotics may be used.[1] Associated condition may also require treatment.[1] Oppositional defiant disorder is estimated to affect 2 to 11% of people.[1] Males are more commonly affected than females.[1] Onset is usually around the start of school and it becomes less common with age.[1]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Aggarwal, A; Marwaha, R (January 2020). "Oppositional Defiant Disorder". PMID 32491375.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 462-466. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.156852. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
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