User:Mr. Ibrahem/Periodontal disease
| Periodontal disease | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Gum disease, pyorrhea, periodontitis |
 | |
| Radiograph showing bone loss between the two roots of a tooth (black region). The spongy bone has receded due to infection under tooth, reducing the bony support for the tooth. | |
| Pronunciation |
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| Specialty | Dentistry |
| Symptoms | Red, swollen, painful, bleeding gums, loose teeth, bad breath[1] |
| Complications | Tooth loss, gum abscess[1][2] |
| Causes | Bacteria related plaque build up[1] |
| Risk factors | Smoking, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, certain medications[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Dental examination, X-rays[1] |
| Treatment | Good oral hygiene, regular professional cleaning[3] |
| Frequency | 538 million (2015)[4] |
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth.[3] In its early stage, called gingivitis, the gums become swollen, red, and may bleed.[3] In its more serious form, called periodontitis, the gums can pull away from the tooth, bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or fall out.[3] Bad breath may also occur.[1]
Periodontal disease is generally due to bacteria in the mouth infecting the tissue around the teeth.[3] Factors that increase the risk of disease include smoking, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, family history, and certain medications.[1] Diagnosis is by inspecting the gum tissue around the teeth both visually and with a probe and X-rays looking for bone loss around the teeth.[5][1]
Treatment involves good oral hygiene and regular professional teeth cleaning.[3] Recommended oral hygiene include daily brushing and flossing.[3] In certain cases antibiotics or dental surgery may be recommended.[6] Globally 538 million people were estimated to be affected in 2015.[4] In the United States nearly half of those over the age of 30 are affected to some degree, and about 70% of those over 65 have the condition.[3] Males are affected more often than females.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Gum Disease". National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. February 2018. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
- ^ "Gum Disease Complications". nhs.uk. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Periodontal Disease". CDC. 10 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
- ^ a b GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
{{cite journal}}:|author=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Savage A, Eaton KA, Moles DR, Needleman I (June 2009). "A systematic review of definitions of periodontitis and methods that have been used to identify this disease". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 36 (6): 458–67. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01408.x. PMID 19508246.
- ^ "Gum Disease Treatment". nhs.uk. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2018.