User:Mr. Ibrahem/Universal neonatal hearing screening
| Universal neonatal hearing screening | |
|---|---|
 A newborn undergoing hearing screening. | |
| Synonyms | Early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) |
| Purpose | Early detection and intervention in deaf and hard-of-hearing infants[1] |
| Test of | Hearing[1] |
| Based on | Otoacoustic emission (OAE), automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR)[2] |
Universal neonatal hearing screening (UNHS), also known as early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI), are programs that aim to identify, intervene, and follow-up babies and young children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.[3][1] Without exposure to language in the first years of life, children will have difficult developing language skills.[4] Screening programs result in earlier diagnosis and improved language outcomes.[5]
It uses testing methods, usually otoacoustic emission (OAE) or automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR), to screen newborns.[2] These tests take about 10 to 20 minutes to perform and can be done after the first day of life in those who are at least 34 weeks gestational age.[5] Often the OAE is used initially, followed by the AABR in those in who there are concerns.[5] This may than be followed by diagnostic testing.[5] The goal is generally to screen babies before a month of age and put in place treatment by six months of age.[5] Screening is falsely positive in about 2% of cases.[5]
Universal neonatal hearing screening is mandatory in many developed countries.[2] In the United States universal screening of all newborns was recommended in 1993 by the NIH.[4] Previously the typical age at diagnosis was around 2 to 3 years old.[4][5] As such, children born with hearing loss historically performed worse educationally, with poorer language skills and social functioning.[4] When diagnosed early; however, outcomes are similar to those with normal hearing.[4] As of 2012, universal screening programs were uncommon in developing countries.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Obiakor, Festus E.; Bakken, Jeffrey P. (7 January 2019). Special Education for Young Learners with Disabilities. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-78756-040-6. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d McPherson B (2012). "Newborn hearing screening in developing countries: needs & new directions". The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 135 (2): 152–3. PMC 3336843. PMID 22446854.
- ^ Lesperance, Marci M.; Flint, Paul W. (17 November 2014). Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-323-35638-1. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "NIH Fact Sheets: Newborn Hearing Screening". U.S. National Institutes of Health. Archived from the original on 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2019-03-01.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 2019-02-28 suggested (help) - ^ a b c d e f g Patel, H; Feldman, M (May 2011). "Universal newborn hearing screening". Paediatrics & child health. 16 (5): 301–10. doi:10.1093/pch/16.5.301. PMID 22547950.