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Introduction
[edit]Exiguobacterium undae is a largely mesophilic species of Bacilli. Its discovery was published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (Frühling et al., 2002).[1] This species has the ability to metabolize arabinose, cellulose, fructose, and glucose. It may undergo fermentation by utilizing D-glucose, D-mannitol, D-ribose, and glycogen (Bacdive 2021).[2] E. undae is motile as it contains peritrichous flagella.
Physiology
[edit]E. undae was first streaked onto glucose sulfide (GS) medium (DSMZ 851) by researchers in 2001. Four strains, L1-L4, were acquired from the garden pond and successfully purified and isolated in tryptone soy agar at room temperature (Frühling et al., 2002).[1] E. undae is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is motile and yellow-orange in color (Bacdive 2021).[2] It is facultatively anaerobic and catalase- and oxidase-positive (Frühling et al., 2002).[1] After 2 days of incubation at 25C, 2-3 mm surface colonies of the E. undae can form on tryptone soy agar; furthermore, the colonies are convex, entire, and shiny (Frühling et al., 2002).[1]
Ecology
[edit]The genus Exiguobacteria has been detected in all continents. E. undae was first sampled from the surface of a garden pond in Wolfenbuttel, Lower Saxony, Germany (Frühling et al., 2002).[1] Strain DR14 of this species was isolated from Dadri wetlands in India (Chauhan et al., 2018).[3] Certain strains have been shown to be able to survive in toxic conditions that contain high concentrations of heavy metals. E. undae has been studied in its ability to immobilize cadmium at low temperatures (Kumar et al., 2014).[4]
Special features
[edit]E. undae strain DR14 has been reported to utilize polystyrene (PS) as a carbon source via biofilm formation (Chauhan et al., 2018).[3] Researchers incubated the bacterium in the presence of PS for 20 days and demonstrated that the PS had been biodegraded by measuring the water contact angle of the material after incubation (Chauhan et al., 2018).[3] This finding suggests that DR14 can change the surface characteristics of PS to make it easier to colonize and metabolize.
- ^ a b c d e Fruhling, A. (1 July 2002). "Exiguobacterium undae sp. nov. and Exiguobacterium antarcticum sp. nov". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY. 52 (4): 1171–1176. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02185-0.
- ^ a b Reimer, L.C.; Sarda Carbasse, J.; Koblitz, J.; Podstawka, A.; Overmann, J. (2021-12-21), Exiguobacterium undae Frühling et al. 2002, DSMZ, doi:10.13145/bacdive18108.20211221.6, retrieved 2022-05-07
- ^ a b c Chauhan, Deepika; Agrawal, Guncha; Deshmukh, Sujit; Roy, Susanta Sinha; Priyadarshini, Richa (2018). "Biofilm formation by Exiguobacterium sp. DR11 and DR14 alter polystyrene surface properties and initiate biodegradation". RSC Advances. 8 (66): 37590–37599. doi:10.1039/c8ra06448b.
- ^ Kumari, Deepika; Pan, Xiangliang; Lee, Duu-Jong; Achal, Varenyam (2014). "Immobilization of cadmium in soil by microbially induced carbonate precipitation with Exiguobacterium undae at low temperature". International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 94: 98–102. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.07.007.