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User:Nonenmac/Fern phylograms

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vascular plants

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Trachaeophyta

All ferns 2006

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This phylograms is based directly on Smith, Pryer, Schuettpelz, Korall, Schneider, Wolf (2006). "A classification for extant ferns" [1]

Ophioglossaceae

Psilotaceae

Equisetaceae

Marattiaceae

Osmundaceae

Hymenophyllaceae

Gleicheniaceae

Dipteridaceae

Matoniaceae

Lygodiaceae

Anemiaceae

Schizaeaceae

Marsileaceae

Salviniaceae

Thyrsopteridaceae

Loxomataceae

Culcitaceae

Plagiogyriaceae

Cibotiaceae

Cyatheaceae

Dicksoniaceae

Metaxyaceae

Lindsaeaceae

Saccolomataceae

Dennstaedtiaceae

Pteridaceae

Aspleniaceae

Woodsiaceae

Thelypteridaceae

Blechnaceae

Onocleaceae

Dryopteridaceae

Lomariopsidaceae

Tectariaceae

Oleandraceae

Davalliaceae

Polypodiaceae

All ferns 2010

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This is based on Christenhusz et al.: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns (2011)[2] and Rai and Graham: Monilophyte Phylogeny (2010)[3] Note that Equisetaceae branches first, and the Lindsaeaoid families are different than in the previous phylogram.

 Equisetaceae

 Ophioglossaceae

 Psilotaceae

 Marattiaceae

 Osmundaceae

 Hymenophyllaceae

 Gleicheniaceae

 Dipteridaceae

 Matoniaceae

 Lygodiaceae

 Schizaeaceae

 Anemiaceae

 Marsileaceae

 Salviniaceae

 Thyrsopteridaceae

 Loxomataceae

 Culcitaceae

 Plagiogyriaceae

 Cibotiaceae

 Cyatheaceae

 Dicksoniaceae

 Metaxyaceae

 Lonchitidaceae

 Saccolomataceae

 Cystodiaceae

 Lindsaeaceae

 Dennstaedtiaceae

 Pteridaceae

 Aspleniaceae

 Woodsiaceae

 Thelypteridaceae

 Blechnaceae

 Onocleaceae

 Dryopteridaceae

 Lomariopsidaceae

 Tectariaceae

 Oleandraceae

 Davalliaceae

 Polypodiaceae

All ferns 2010 (take 2)

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Same list, attempting to include classes and orders:

Equisetopsida
Equisetales

  Equisetaceae

Psilotopsida
Ophioglossales

 Ophioglossaceae

Psilotales

 Psilotaceae

Marattiopsida
Marattiales

 Marattiaceae

Pteridopsida
Osmundales

 Osmundaceae

Hymenophyllales

 Hymenophyllaceae

Gleicheniales

 Gleicheniaceae

 Dipteridaceae

 Matoniaceae

 Lygodiaceae

 Schizaeaceae

 Anemiaceae

 Marsileaceae

 Salviniaceae

 Thyrsopteridaceae

 Loxomataceae

 Culcitaceae

 Plagiogyriaceae

 Cibotiaceae

 Cyatheaceae

 Dicksoniaceae

 Metaxyaceae

 Lonchitidaceae

 Saccolomataceae

 Cystodiaceae

 Lindsaeaceae

 Dennstaedtiaceae

 Pteridaceae

 Aspleniaceae

 Woodsiaceae

 Thelypteridaceae

 Blechnaceae

 Onocleaceae

 Dryopteridaceae

 Lomariopsidaceae

 Tectariaceae

 Oleandraceae

 Davalliaceae

 Polypodiaceae

all plants

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Vascular plants

Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses & firmosses)

Spermatopsida (seed plants)

Psilotopsida

Psilotales (whisk ferns)

Ophioglossales (grape ferns, adder's tongues)

Marattiopsida (maratoid ferns)

Equisetopsida (horse tails & scouring rushes)

Pteridopsida (leptosporangiate ferns)

Phylogenic retlationships

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The following phylogram shows a likely relationship between the other vascular plant classes and the leptosporangiate ferns.[4] Note that these relationships are far from settled. For example, this diagram shows Equisetopsida as a sister to Polypodiopsida. Depending on how the data was interpreted (e.g. using Parsimony vs. maximum-likelihood analyses), Equisetopsida could just as well have been placed a sister to a Marattiopsida/Polypodiopsida clade.[4]

vascular plants

Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses & firmosses)

Spermatopsida (seed plants)

ferns

Psilotopsida (whisk ferns, grape ferns, adder's tongues)

Marattiopsida (maratoid ferns)

Equisetopsida (horse tails & scouring rushes)

Polypodiopsida (leptosporangiate ferns)

Cladistics

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While it is generally accepted that the leptosporangiate ferns are monophyletic, it is considered to be likely that the eusporangiate ferns, as a group, are polyphyletic. As shown in the examples from three recently published phylograms in the following table, it can be seen that the four eusporangiate fern families do not form a single clade.

Pryer & Schuettpelz, 2009[5] Rai & Graham, 2010[6] Lehtonen, 2011[7]

References

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  1. ^ Smith (2006) Pryer, K.M.; Schuettpelz, E.; Korall, P.; Schneider, H.; Wolf, P.G.: "A classification for extant ferns," Taxon, 55(3): 705–731 (2006)
  2. ^ Christenhusz et al.: A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns Phytotaxa 19: 7-54. (18 Feb. 2011)
  3. ^ Rai and Graham: Monilophyte Phylogeny amjbot Sep 2010
  4. ^ a b Lehtonen (2011) Samuli Lehtonen: Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life. PLoS ONE 6(10): e24851. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024851 (13 Oct 2011)
  5. ^ Kathleen M. Pryer & Eric Schuettpelz (2009). "Ferns" (PDF). In S. Blair Hedges & Sudhir Kumar (ed.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford Biology.
  6. ^ Hardeep S. Rai & Sean W. Graham (2010). "Utility of a large, multigene plastid data set in inferring higher-order relationships in ferns and relatives (Monilophytes)" (PDF). American Journal of Botany. 97 (9): 1444–1456. doi:10.3732/ajb.0900305. PMID 21616899.
  7. ^ Samuli Lehtonen (2011). "Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life" (PDF). PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e24851. doi:10.1371. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024851. PMC 3192703. PMID 22022365.