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Life
[edit]Despite repeated arrests and imprisonments, Deok-su still fought for human rights and dignity of the Korean compatriots during the Japanese colonial days, which ended on August 15, 1945. After September 1945, he served as a representative of a Kantō district association of Koreans and a member of the preparatory committee for Chongryon. He was elected director of the general affairs bureau, and later director of the cultural and educational affairs bureau of Chongryon, which was founded in October 1945 and formed on May 25, 1955.[2] He was also elected co-chairman of Chongryon in 1947.
Additionally, Deok-su served the Fatherland Front Central Committee as its member since 1949, and as a member of its chairmen's group from 1957 until his death in February 2001.[2] He strived to reorganize the Korean compatriots' movement in Japan following Kim Il Sung's Juche-oriented line after 1952, including re-publishment of Choson Sinbo and resumption of the work of "Korean News Agency" based in Tokyo.[2]
After the end of the Pacific War, he led the formation of the Korean Association in the Kantō region and participated in the formation of the Federation of Koreans in Japan in October 1945, serving as chairman of the Kanakawa Prefecture headquarters and central headquarters, later serving as Director General.[1] In December 1949, after Jo Ryeon was ordered to be disbanded by the Japanese government, Deok-su was appointed as the head of the National Countermeasures Department of the Japanese Communist Party.[1] In 1951, Deok-su opened the Nine Wolseobang (九月書房) to sell publications donated by the propaganda department of North Korea's Workers' Party of Korea and use the proceeds to develop the Korean Zainichi movement.[1] In 1952, he established the Korean Studies Research Institute and used it as a base for ideological and cultural struggle by publishing the periodical Joseon Problems Research. On May 25, 1955, Deok-su and five other members established Chongryon.[3] In May 1958, at the 4th General Convention of Chongryon, along with the exclusion of the non-mainstream faction [the old faction], the chairmanship was disbanded and the single chairman/vice chairman system was introduced, and he was elected as chairman. Under this system, a large organizational system was built covering national education, culture, the arts, publishing, reporting, finance, and the economy. Accordingly, he continued to serve as dean of Chosun University since 1968, and although there was an uproar around 1970 when Vice-Chairman Kim Pyong-sik openly rebelled against him, he managed to resolve it well and held the position of chairman of Chongryun until his death in 2001. He was elected as a central committee member at the founding convention of the Democratic Front for Fatherland Unification held in Pyongyang in June 1949 and has consistently maintained a pro-North Korean stance ever since. At the second congress in December 1957, he was elected as a member of the standing committee and as one of the seven members of the chairmanship. In 1967, he was elected as a delegate to the 4th Supreme People's Assembly, and in 1972, he succeeded Baek Nam-un as chairman and served until 1986.