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North Eastern Region of India is comprising of 8 Indian states[Notes 1] viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim & Tripura, these states are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC). This North Eastern Region of India is known for its uniqueness of diverse ethnic cultural groups in the world.

Arunachal Pradesh

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This provinces was joined under British India in the year 1914 by Simla Treaty from the present Tibet region under China. It was entitled statehood in the year 1987. It was divided into 17 districts. There are 26 major tribes and more than 250 sub tribes in Arunachal Pradesh. Broadly the people may be divided into three cultural groups on the basis of their socio-religious affinities. The Monpas and Sherdukpens of Tawang and West Kameng districts follow the lamaistic tradition of Mahayana Buddhism. The second group of the people are Adis, Akas, Apatanis, Bangnis, Nishis, Mishmis, Mijis, Thongsas etc., who worship Sun and Moon God namely, Donyi-Polo and Abo-Tani, the original ancestors for most of these tribes. The third group comprises Noctes and Wanchos,adjoining Nagaland in the Tirap District.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

Schedule Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh

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The Tribal Ministry of Govt. of India enlisted the following Scheduled Tribes of Arunachal PradeshCite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).:

  1. Abor,
  2. Aka,
  3. Apatani,
  4. Nyishi,
  5. Galo,
  6. Khampti,
  7. Khowa,
  8. Mishmi, Idu, Taroan,
  9. Momba,
  10. Any Naga tribes,
  11. Sherdukpen,
  12. Singpho,
  13. Hrusso,
  14. Tagin,
  15. Khamba,
  16. Adi,
  17. Koro,(another 10 proposed tribes in list of ST)
  18. Meyor,
  19. Monpa,
  20. Sajolang,
  21. Sartang,
  22. Yobin,
  23. Tangsa,
  24. Nocte,
  25. Wanchoo,
  26. Tutsa,

Other tribes

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Assam

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Assam is a place for mixed cultural ethnic groups. A study[1] identified there are 115 ethnic groups exist in Assam, out of which 79 (69%) identify themselves regionally, 22 (19%) locally, and 3 trans-nationally. There are 23 notified Scheduled Tribes (ST) in Assam with the Bodos (40.9 per cent) making half of the total ST population (around 13 per cent) of the state.

Scheduled Tribes

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The Scheduled Tribes (Hills)[2] are those tribes who are indigenous to the two Autonomous Hill Districts of Karbi Anglong and North Cachar. They are:

  1. Karbi,
  2. Kuki,
  3. Dimasa,
  4. Garo,
  5. Hajong,
  6. Mizo,
  7. Khasi,
  8. Jaintia,
  9. Hmar,
  10. Lokers,
  11. Powis,
  12. Man (Tai speaking),
  13. Chakma,
  14. Syntheng Panar,
  15. Syntheng,
  16. War,
  17. Bhoi,
  18. Lyngngam,
  19. Naga tribe,
  20. Garo,
  21. Hajong and
  22. Dimasas.

The indigenous tribes of the plains districts of Assam are recognised as Scheduled Tribes (Plains)[2] and their recognition is limited to the plains districts only. They are:

  1. Bodo,
  2. Mising,
  3. Rabha,
  4. Sonowal,
  5. Lalung (Tiwa),
  6. Deori,
  7. Thengal (Mech),
  8. Hojai and
  9. Borman.

Autonomus Councils [Notes 2][2] of Assam (Scheduled in Constitution of India):

  1. Karbi Anglong district
  2. Dima Hasso (North Cachar) district
  3. Bodol and Territorial Area Districts (BTAD) (4 districts).

Autonomous Councils (not enlisted in Schedule 6 in the Constitution):

  1. Mising,
  2. Rabha,
  3. Tiwa,
  4. Sonowal,
  5. Deori and
  6. Thengal.

Other Castes & Tribes

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Manipur

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The State of Manipur has five hill districts and four valley districts which occupy a total geographical area of 22,327sq.km. With a population of 21,66,791. The ST constitutes 34.41% of the state population. There are 33 recognized ST communities in the State. [3]

The Scheduled Tribes

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The tribes of Manipur live mostly in the hill districts of Manipur. The Mao tribes live in the Senapati District, the Tangkhuls in the Ukhrul District, the Kabuis in the Tamenglong District, the Anals and Marings in the Chandel District and Thadous and Kuki in the Churachandpur District. According to 2001 census, the Scheduled Tribes population was 7.41 lakhs which consists of 3.74 lakhs males and 3.67 lakhs females as against 6.32 lakhs in 1991 census. [4]

  1. Aimol
  2. Anal
  3. Angami
  4. Chiru
  5. Chothe
  6. Gangte
  7. Hmar
  8. Kabui, Inpui, Rongmei
  9. Kacha Naga, Liangmai, Zeme
  10. Koirao, Thangal
  11. Koireng
  12. Kom
  13. Lamgang
  14. Mao
  15. Maram
  16. Maring
  17. Any Mizo
  18. Monsang
  19. Moyon
  20. Paite
  21. Purum
  22. Ralte
  23. Sema
  24. Simte
  25. Suhte
  26. Tangkhul
  27. Thadou
  28. Vaiphei
  29. Zou
  30. Poumei
  31. Tarao
  32. Kharam
  33. Any Kuki tribe

The Scheduled Castes

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The total Scheduled Castes population was 60 thousands (30 thousand males and 30 thousand females) in 2001 census as against 37 thousands in 1991 census showing an annual average growth rate of 4.83 percent during the decade 1991-2001.[4]

There are seven Scheduled Castes communities in Manipur. They are as under

  1. Loi
  2. Yaithibi
  3. Dhobi
  4. Muchi or Rabidas
  5. Namsudra
  6. Patni and
  7. Sutradhar.

Meghalaya

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Mizoram

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Nagaland

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Sikkim

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Tripura

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Notes

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  1. ^ Northeast India is the eastern-most region of India connected to East India via a narrow corridor squeezed between Nepal and Bangladesh. It comprises the contiguous Seven Sister States—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura—and the Himalayan state of Sikkim. These states are grouped under the MDONER ministry of the Government of India. Except for the Goalpara region of Assam, the rest were late entrants to political India—the Brahmaputra valley of Assam became a part of British India 1824, and the hilly regions even later. Sikkim was recognised as a part of North-East states in the 1990s.
  2. ^ With the object of fulfilling economic, educational and linguistic aspirations, preservation of land rights, socio-cultural and ethnic identity of the respective tribes and speeding up infrastructure development in their areas, autonomous councils have been created. The two districts of Karbi Anglong and North Cachar were granted autonomy as far back as in 1952 under Article 244(2) read with Sixth Scheduled of the Constitution of India. In the same way the Bodol and Territorial Area Districts (BTAD) comprising four plains districts was also granted autonomy in 2003. Autonomous Councils for Mising, Rabha and Tiwa were created in 1995 and for Sonowal, Deori and Thengal were created in 2005. All these 6 Autonomous Councils are not under 6th Schedule of the Constitution, but these were created by legislating statute for the respective tribes in the State Assembly.

Reference

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  1. ^ Taher, Mohammad (1993) The Peopling of Assam and contemporary social structure in Ahmad, Aijazuddin (ed) Social Structure and Regional Development, Rawat Publications, New Delhi
  2. ^ a b c Editorial of the Assam Tribune of The Scheduled Tribes of Assam — Deben Pegu, July 10, 2009
  3. ^ Tribes of Manipur website of Tribal Research Insititute, Govt. of Manipur
  4. ^ a b The castes and tribes of Manipur in manipurhub
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